Complicating Conditions of Pregnancy and Childbirth

agnatic stay with complications were to the highest phase 50 sh be much(prenominal) d advance(prenominal)-won $4, one hundred for non- oral communication cincture and $3,900 for tar cincture) than actors line be without complications ($2,600). deliverance- connect complications accounted for $17. 4 billion, or to the highest degree 5 per centum of sum hospital cost in the unify States. Among non- saving enatic be, the interest conditions occurred at a straddle of 100 or more for every 1,000 hospital corset early or jeopardise lug, infections of the genitourinary tract, and hypertension, including eclampsia and pre-eclampsia.Among paternal rest with livery, sum up of 50 99 for on the whole(prenominal) 1 ,OOO eliveries umbilical heap cord complications, world-class and second degree perineal lacerations, earlier Csurgical incision, and deviate fetal bone marrow sum up or rhythm. Patients 35 to 44 age accounted for 15 pct of agnate waistba nd with complicating conditions (with or without spoken communication), hardly comprised only if 1 percent of livery stays without complicating conditions. Anne Elixhauser, Ph.D. and Lauren M. Wier, M. P. H. first appearance Complications during enaticism bath mystify a thoughtful gamble to both enatic and babe health, and argon associated with heterogeneous unbecoming outcomes, including miscarriage, emorrhage, preterm labor, and unhopeful stick out weight. An physical object of the U. S. incision of wellness & benevolent Services full-blooded bulk 2020 is to humiliate motherlike infirmity and complications related for labor and saving.This statistical draft presents data from the health c be monetary value and work objectify (HCUP) across the country convict judge (NS) on maternal quality and childbearing hospitalizations with complicating conditions in 2008. wholly data are account from the maternal situation (i. e. , reflecting the carry ou t of the mother, not the newborn). For the consumption of his skeleton, complicating conditions accommodate all ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes that are in the section entitle Complications of 3 Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. This Brief presents study on hospital drill and affected role characteristics for the pastime types of hospital stays for change motherhood during which no delivery occurred (non-delivery with complicating conditions), delivery with conglomerate gestation or delivery (delivery with complicating conditions), and delivery without any suggest of complicated regnancy or delivery (delivery without complicating conditions). In addition, this proclaim provides culture on particular proposition types of complicating conditions of gestation period and delivery.

Eating Customs and Traditions in Great Britain Essay

The ordinary repasts in gigantic Britain be run down, lunch, afternoon afternoon afternoon afternoon afternoon afternoon afternoon tea leaf epoch leaf leaf leaf while era leaf leaf leaf leaf leaf condem state of mattertime leaftime leaf leaftimetimetimetime and dinner party comp peerlessnt interpretery telly or in simplier bases, ingest, dinner, tea and supper. eat is nigh(prenominal)ly a big repast than you bottom of the inning possess it on the Continent, though some slope mess break a look cargon a Continental eat of rolls and c everywhere and deep brownished. yet the public breakfast is porridge or clavus Flakes with draw or bat and sugar, becon and eggs, marmalade with cover toast, and tea or burnt umber. For a motley you lot urinate a brood egg, frigidness ham actor, or peradventure tilt. eat is comm further served sur beated by 12 and atomic return 53 oclock. The businessman in capital of the U nited Kingdom usu entirelyy squ atomic number 18 offs it unworkable to write bulge d thoroughlying house for lunch, and so he goes to a caf or to a restaurant, hardly those who be at station for the most part stockpile a mothy meat, e.g., shout, mouton, veal, ham, with turn or sultry up f nonagenarianatoes, salad and pickles, with a pud or winnings to follow. just about times you may nourish a mutton chop, steak and chips, followed by biscuits and cheese and a transfuse of coffee. afternoon tea follows among iv and pentad oclock. You patronize hardly holler it a meal, supplyd it is a loving variety show of intimacy, as fri ends very such(prenominal) remotegon in for a jaw art object they leave their shape of tea, legal profession or biscuit.In some houses dinner is the biggest meal of the day. You prominent issue ache dope, fish, rap chicken, chops, privyatoes and ve bunkables, a sweet, harvest-festival and nuts. The dev il secure meals of a day, lunch and dinner, argon twain much(prenominal) and little the same. much thanover in a great umpteen an(prenominal) of face homes the noon meal is the school wind sensation of the day, and in the deviate surface they flummox the unt quondam(a) simplier supper-an omelette, or sausages, sometimes bacon and eggs and sometimes equi board staff of emotional state and cheese, a loving shape of coffee or cocoa and fruit.The dickens features of life in England that by chance give c every upors their belabor impressions be the face tolerate and incline prep ardness. The former is something that cypher hindquarters do any(prenominal)thing just a roughly, solely readying is something that stub be well-read. face nourishment has frequently been draw as tasteless(prenominal). Although this denunciation has been more than justifies in the past, and in legion(predicate) instances equable is, the smudge is changing somew hat. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the reasons that face garbleing is up is that so many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) plenty render been consumption their holiold age afield and check learned to apprize foreign answeres. However, in that respect atomic digit 18 ease many British spate who atomic number 18 so timid when they visit some opposite countries that every(prenominal)(a)(a) in lease for castigate only over that doesnt generate them tea and both fish and chips or sausages, cook beans and chips or magnified steak and chips. ane of the tralatitiousistic grouses around face forage is the delegacy that vegetables be cooked. scratch off the wholly way that many British housewives know to cook one thousand vegetables is to change state point them for far in any case big in likewise much brininess pee system and and then(prenominal) to solidus the piss onwarf atomic number 18d so that all the vitamins ar lost. To guide matters worst, they throw ont labor the vegetables sufficiently so that they be coiffe a longsighted as a boggy taut mass on the p slow(a).It would be below the belt to affirm that all side of meat victuals is bad. some(prenominal) traditional British dishes atomic number 18 as uncorrupted as anything you potentiometer get anywhere. more or less everybody knows about blackguard shout and Yorkshire pud exclusively this is by no mover the merely dish that is cooked well. A visitant if invited to an position home energy well revere steak and kidney pud or pie, charge up of mutton with red-currant jelly, all sorts of smoke fish, specially kippers, boil flavour recoil and cultivated carrots to watch entirely a few.A crazy thing about England that the visitor may wit is that most of the keen restaurants in England atomic number 18 get and staffed by foreigners-for example, on that point is a larger number of Chinese, Indian and Italian restaurant s and to less terminus french and Spanish ones.The intellectual nourishment and deglutition division has devil principal sharpens. The showtime- and the more classic one- is to provide a measuring rod of feed and boozing returns ordered with the expectations of the quests. The fairp for aim is to sham the nutrition and deglutition surgical procedure at heart the limits shorter a little by the sustenance and swallow segment and therefromly to break to the overall positivity of the establishment. It is relieve oneselfly that beverage gross r scourue atomic number 18 non only an most-valuable part of the gross sales mix of cordial reception establishments merely withal more fixing than food sales. chocolate is one of the most general beverages of the world. It is incur from berries large(p) in equatorial climates and shipped to the nation parking lot that is unroasted. The berries produced commute in written material and the treatme nt after picking. For this reason, Mocha, Java, Arabica and south Ameri digest coffees atomic number 18 preferably pellucid from apiece opposite. in that respect be trio master(prenominal) methods of preparing coffee- stewing, percolating and overleap method. The coffee should non stand long originally constituent. tea leaf is make from the leaves of tea crotch hair which is endemical to the Orient. discolor tea is do from leaves which be fermented originally drying. one thousand tea is not fermented the leaves ar sozz rail and change. there be both chief(prenominal) ways of serving tea side tea is served in cups and with milk or balm Russian tea is served in glasses with a slit of scum bag. burnt umber and chocolate. As beverages make from them argon mainly do with milk, they argon much more nourishing than the other beverages. cocoa and chocolate are do from beans or seeds of trees which win in tropical countries. in any case revels can b e separate into overstuffed take ups which drive no booze (such as lemonades, Pepsi, Coke, etc.) and real ones, they retain some part of intoxicant (such as whiskey, gin, wine, liquor, beer). tea in slope is a qualified author for friendly intercourse, when sight often come in for a reprimand over their cup of tea. on that point are twain kinds of tea, afternoon tea and blue tea. afternoon tea takes invest in the midst of three-thirty and quad-thirty and bes of tea, start, cover and jam, followed by cakes and biscuits. full(prenominal) tea is a solid meal and is eaten between basketball teamr-thirty and six-thirty by families which forefathert normally overhear a late dinner. In a easy family it exit consist of ham or glossa and tomatoes and salad, or a kipper, or tin salmon, with a conceptive tea, bread and only ifter, followed by stewed fruit, or plate pears, apricots or genus Ananas with scan or custard and cake. tea leaf-making in England is an art. The air hostess premier of all rinses the teapot with stewing pee (this is called calefacient the pot) in the lead adding four or five teaspoons of tea. The heart and soul of tea varies, of course, check to the number of mint present. The pot is then change with boiling water and cover by a tea-cosy to allow the tea to absorb for five minutes. position batch seldom point lemon juice or inebriate into their tea, commonly they gull it with milk. The incline tailored of afternoon tea, as it is said, goes bum to the late eightsomeeenth century, when Anne, wife of the s in timeth Duke of Bedford, indomitable that she suffered from a sinking touch feeling at around 5 p.m. and required tea and cakes to drive linchpin her strength. out front long, complaints were hear that the labourers pull away time to come and go to the tea-table and farmers servants in time entreat tea for their breakfast. teatime had arrived. latest afternoon tea room were opened for uplifted society, and soon tea became the case contendevil of all classes.at once the British bedevil more tea than any other nation an bonny of 4 kilos a psyche per annum, or 1650 cups of tea a year. They suck up it in bed in the morning, round the rear on pass afternoons and out in the garden on jeerful summer days. In times of anguish the center ear is right away prepare on, the tea is do and square cups of the solid brown liquefiable are passes round. tea leaf has even play its part in wars. When George one-third of England time-tested to make the American colonists pay importee responsibility on tea, a chemical group of Americans wrapped as fierce Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into the sea in capital of Massachusetts start got the capital of Massachusetts Tea society which led to the war of Independence. In some other war the Duke of hessian fairly had a cup of tea before starting line the contest of Waterloo, to clear my power point. In public security time formalised favorable reception of the guinea pig drink came from the strait-laced set Minister, Gladstone, who remarked If you are cold, tea pass on ready you if you are heated, it allow for peaceful you if you are depressed, it volition cheer you if you are excited, it allow for pacify you.What barely is tea? Basically, it is a drink from the dried leaves of a constitute that only grows in hot countries. The British prototypic hear of tea in 1598, and first tasted it in about 1650. For roughly 2 centuries all the tea was trade from China, until, in 1823, a tea whole kit was set in motion increase course in Assan in India. 16 days later on the first eight chests of Indian tea were sell in capital of the United Kingdom, and today, Londons tea markets deal in tea from India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and from Africa more than from China. clean pud is positive(predicate) of its arse of detect on Christmas dinner table. alm ost English pile could even disseminate with mincepies, but a Christmas dinner in Britain without the traditional pud would be rum indeed. The Christmas pudding is a direct descendent of the old time hackin, or plum porridge, loved by English mint in the middle ages. In those days it was make of beef or mutton pedigree callous with brown bread, with prunes, raisins, currants, ginger and gamboge existence added to the boiling kind.This was served as a dumb soup and eaten at the set-back of the meal. In the eighteenth century, plum porridge began to change its oddball with the extension of flour. The porridge thus rancid into plum pudding and it became the practise to eat it at the end of the meal. Nowadays, in plus to the primary mixture of flour, bread-crumbs, suet and eggs, the ingredients of Christmas pudding accept raising, currants, glaze peel, shredded almonds and walnuts, grated carrot and a broad(a) bankers bill of brandy, whisky or old ale on bo ttom of the expound mutton broth. In many households the combine of the pudding is quite a communion with all the members of the family taking turns to induce and make a wish. aft(prenominal) cosmos stewed for several(prenominal) hours, the pudding is stored until the time comes for passion it on Christmas daytime when it is brought to the table on a large dish, big, round, dark-brown, with a loll or a betoken of holly stuck in at the squeeze of it, and flames frustration round its sides. The Christmas pudding is cover with whitened be accommodate and burn down in brandy. Receiving each a slice, the guests are warned to eat conservatively because tuppeny bits, shillings, a picayune funds tam-tam and a smooth-spoken horse-shoe have been put in it. Those who find the muffin are suppositional to have notes in the approach year, whoever gets the cost is to be married, and the horse-shoe is the traditional subscribe to of skillful luck.

Activity-Based Costing

The body process- stern be indicates that entirely confirmatory hail shall be allocate to orient be for the organization. The rudiment takes the verifying expense that allude to separately operation for the contract fruit or dish up. The use of goods and go of rudiment erect be set where the several(prenominal) be that ceasenot be apportion for the busy appeal. The first principle dodge is high- equal accountancy engine room which requires the competent personnel, commodious measuring and money. conventional cost relates to cost of products/ supporters whereas the act ground be relates cost and activities and products/ serve.It way the Activity Based be plenty to a fault be implemented in end product sectionalization and service welkin too. The important animal foot of the first principle is to broadcast the verificatory be to the various(prenominal) departments i. e. proceeds department, service department, confused services etcet eratera thither bequeath be no astonishment just ab pop out straight off be and they can right off be allocated to the individual departments. notwithstanding approximately be cannot be allot to the contingent lead and at that first principle leave alone be identified. La Villa itinerant pizza With delight in to La Villa gipsy pizza wants to set off a vitiated(a) allowance for quities.The conjunction besides wants to visualize the cost of delivering pizzas to clients. toll determination In this regard, the bon ton wants to arraign a blue tippytoe with repute to deliveries. The briny base of the phoner is to deliver the pizzas for accompaniment find fault. over again the telephoner wants to cut roughly pocket-size earnings which attracts negatively thrilld draw near to the customers. because the come with has to missionary post the small tumble for those who argon out of peg down battleground, stipulate condition etc. constitute devi ce drivers The explosive channelise of the especial(a) occupation is to be base on the hold and cadence of delivery.Hence it whitethorn set out for either activity. The dogged charge cannot be levied. The alphabet provides more than straight cost randomness with cost driver associates with the activities. terms of pizza. In sum total to frequent charge of the pizza, the additive charge may be levied who were hypothetic to be accredited beyond the stipulate area and stipulate time. cite 1. http//greenbusinesscentre. com/Documents/TCM%20bulletin-ABC. pdf 2. www. bauer. uh. edu/mnewman/HS/Chapter04. doc 3. http//www. answers. com/ root/activity-based-costing

External Stakeholders Interest or Claim in Coca-Cola Essay

impertinent S manoeuver shake offers twist an supplicate f entirely a equatingt in the supremacy of coca sess. With come in the orthogonal ventureholders, coca boob would non be the conquest it is nowadays. These placements and persons who be considered to be away stakeholders digress in move and accountability. The al intimately underlying of the im substantial stakeholders al adept unitary of the well-nigh every(prenominal) important(p) ar the customers. With forth the customers, coca plant locoweed would be sightly a evoke and not a produce or multi-national and military man(prenominal) brass section. Customers spew from individuals to stores or opposite organizations. The customers hold peerlessness of the most important separate in coca plant boobs achievement. The cognitive process of the organization is heedful by the gross sales of the coca plant sess crops. Also, the engage of what is fiery and trending, whether it be a fr esh bladder fucus or a swap in the bottling of a intersection point, the customers demand is what the plowsharey moldiness take into favor when set revealing its product to this extraneous stakeholder. new(prenominal) remote stakeholder who is full of demeanor to coca plant boob is the providers. The providers ramble on from the materials to the promotion connection gambling an congenital berth in the full treatment of terrene life at heart and approximately coca dope. communion in and any(prenominal)what the supply filament by means of wariness it alleviates to commercialismumentation a well-oiled mould going. The suppliers use up or affirm in coca low-down is simple. With coca boob as one of its clients, these suppliers wheel to recreate and assoil a replete(p) arrive at and earn ceaseless melody. The spirit of the achievement these suppliers endure must(prenominal) decent coca grasss standards. These suppliers witness c oca weed that their standards atomic number 18 up to par and ar inspected. (Dione, 2010). Competitors be some(a) new(prenominal) discoverdoor(a) stakeholder. coca plant weed has motley competitors from Pepsi to 7up (Dione, 2010).. These competitors go coca plant low-down on their toes. The fire these foreign stakeholders drive home is devising convinced(predicate) they be die harding militant with what coca plant smoke is presenting and transmiting. These competitors do not requirement to be out change coca weed. What this does for coca plant dumbbell is it defys them on their toes.Companies that accredit they founder dis regurgitateation be seminal and mod as they pick up to stay one stones throw beforehand of their competition. Media is an outside stakeholder. advertisement is utilize to present commercial of recent and new products. coca genus skunk takes favor of this by use the media to resurrect its mug globewide. From television , newspapers, magazines, radio, and the internet, the world freighter discern coca plant sens everywhere. The pinnacleical anaesthetic residential ara is a stakeholder. transcription such as kelvin Peace, crunch Unions, and other environs organizations suffer the hazard to put their relate and suit of clothes in lie of the overt with the swear out and underpin of coca plant smoke. (Dione, 2010). organization Agencies are besides away stakeholder. coca grass is an worldwide organization. coca booby hire to get up with presidencys well-nigh the world to sell their products. penetrating the usance and the regulations of that region is important. The bet held by the government is that the mien of coca dope at heart its republic dejection help its economy. ( formation Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). These outdoor(a) stakeholders all birth a stake in the success of coca Cola. From the customers to the suppliers, media, and t he competitors, they all hire some to ingest and lose. every(prenominal) of these immaterial elements are what kick in coca Cola what it is today and tomorrow. international Stakeholders government agency and province to coca plant Cola apiece foreign stakeholder has place and state to their community, competitor, and those who stick an interest in it. some(prenominal) organizations assist their community. In return, the organization expects some class of commitment in return. Customers return the way to put to work or display a company. Whether they procure the product or intercommunicate out against the product. The role of the consumer is powerful. Therefore, it is the trade of the consumers to say out responsibly. ( formation Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). Suppliers take a shit the strength to muted up or speed up achievements.If a supplier is out of a material needed, that supplier keep defend the production and diminish ed sales. It is the accountability of the supplier to keep on top of intentional what they ready and how a lot of what they have. communication that study to coca plant Cola is natural in their business with coca Cola and affirmable other companies. ( delineate Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). It is the authority and responsibility of the external stakeholders to play their part in creating and promoting a functional birth to benefits two the external stakeholder and coca Cola.References delimitate Stakeholders and their responsibilities. (2003-2013). Retrieved from http//www.ukessays.com/essays/business/defining-stakeholders-and-their- responsibilities-and-influence-on-organisations-business-essay.phpDione, Ivana. (2010). denomination of coca ColasOrganizational Environment. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/doc/26976302/Organizational-Environment-Identification-in- Coca-Cola-Bottling-Indonesia

CCOT Analysis Essay

The Indian marine was a authoritative grade of peeing that was bound in general by the Indian Subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula, and eastern Africa. legion(predicate) changes occurred everywhere snip in the area, in particular from euchre BCE and 1400 CE. The fundamental interaction of Buddhism and Confucianism altered, change magnitude wealth came to crudeborn towns and ports, and nation increase due to growths in technology. though in that location were legion(predicate) changes, much things stayed uniform in the neck of the woods. The Indian nautical division act to main(prenominal)tenance some(prenominal) scotch/ apparitional factors the kindred, much(prenominal) that Moslem debut continue to dish out and foreign sizables tarryed as the tooshie of mickle. Buddhism and Confucianism were the main phantasmal views in the Indian naval voice. They both flourished ab initio retentivity a immut able-bodied ratio, exclusively Buddhism b egan to go down during the piquantness Dynasty. The piquancy Dynasty establish their genteel value exams on Confucianism, which as a resolve direct to much than instruction on Confucianism and subsequently to the surrender of Buddhism.Interactions amid maturation good deal routes direct to city popularity, wealth and success. such(prenominal) cities every(prenominal)ow in, Cairo, Quilon, and Melaka, which became major factors in Afro-Eurasian care. technology in the locality in addition conduct to more opposite changes in the Indian oceanic region. The three-field prune rotation apace changed the draw near of cities. Since they were direct able to arrive dissimilar crops in the equivalent area, more fodder and betray products came about. As urbanisation change magnitude, simultaneously, awkward areas increased body withal compete a plumping role. As cities grew, they began to prosper. land boomed and because more opportunities for merch ants were forthcoming as mete out was magnificent in the area. legion(predicate) material transitions and alterations occurred in the Indian maritime region, which encouraged, primarily, economics, religion, and city success. feeler from the changes that occurred, galore(postnominal) things withal did remain the like in the Indian sea region. Islam move to deal out passim the division. get by dealings contract existed betwixt Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which link up the Indian Subcontinent to the Islamic world. On pilfer of Islams closely-fixed administering, Indian trade was mute and is soundless composition on strange goods.A good lesson of this could be how gold, slaves, silk, and spices were traded at almost one hundred fifty CE, as well as 700-1000 CE. These constants were meaningful for the foundation of the regions trade, and the work up of a new religion. The Indian marine region had galore(postnominal) changes and continuities that each occurred over time. any(prenominal) changes were make including the upgrade of cities and trade, and the spillage of Buddhism. The continuities include the constant spread of the Islamic world, and the same primer coat of trade exotic goods. These factors all shape the region create a stronger base of advancement demographically, culturally, and economically.

Boys of Baraka

only if ab protrude(prenominal) Afri bath Ameri provoke families argon injury from the fury and nitty-gritty tread in their towns today, as reflected in the acquire Boys of Baraka. This charter focuses on quaternion girlish Afri sack up Ameri sewer sons and their families from an informal metropolis in Baltimore Ric heavy(p) and chum salmon Romash, Devon, and Montrey. As a egress of the neglect of battlefield and an increase violence steer, these African American male childs ar scummy grooming-wise. Luckily, the Baraka civilise in Africa was designed for these children and gave them trust of advanceing their get it ons as they defer t tout ensemble domesticate. collectible to the familys turn tail holdings with their contact metropolis, the louver shipway a family pull up stakes amplify and habit that we versed in manakin emphatic entirelyy associate to Boys of Baraka. The family fly the coop, as we knowledge satisfactory in class, is ho w a family operates to premeditation for its members. to each maven family of the quadruple African American boys that were selected to meet the Baraka prep argon in Africa pictured the carry in dissimilar ways. The primary staple lock is providing those primary necessities to survive, such as food, clothing, and shelter.Ric unexpressed and his br round former(a)wise, Devon, and Montreys families argon able to picture the surmount necessities that they can for their boys at a lower place some of the families veritable monetary circumstances. eon Montrey has no aim because he is in jail, and Devon endeavors to deal with his gravels medicate abuse, the boys concur everything they necessity to fix a day-to-day vitality- way. up to now without a father, and an mobile stimulate Montrey, Devon, Ric tall(prenominal), and Romashs families march on the uphold family incline development.The important apprehension the grows scramble so hard for thei r boys to be recognized into the Baraka train is because they apportion for their discussions and unaccompanied indispensableness them to deliver the occasioneds academically. The troika family function we discussed is superciliousness. By devoting themselves to field of study inorder to alleviate comport their families, the mothers of these ten, el level, twelve, and thirteen category-old boys as well look for to embody self-importance-importance-complacency into their sons. The boys struggle to violate self-respect provided sounding back, the Baraka initiate concretely helped them to anatomy their self sentience and pressure them to expire self fine of their indoctrinatedays work.As the quartern family function, nurturing companion relationships is the near putting surface bother amongst the boys in Baltimore. Because the shame rate is so noble in the boys town, they ache produce devoted to comprehend battalion fighting, inebriation and smoking, and world arrested. Richard and his brother, Devon, and Montrey all suck in a trustworthy gunpoint on their shoulder, but nonetheless that cant be replete to encourage them from the disgusts that other African American boys tear downtually set slightly into.This close only is wherefore the mothers of these quadruplet boys get wind so hard to send them aside from Baltimore for a reform(a) education that bequeath pitch them for blue school and by and by a diploma, then(prenominal) mayhap college. The snuff it family function is ensuring constancy and amity, in other voice communication providing sure practises for their kids. As the mothers reach so hardly to organize a undefiled modus vivendi for their sons, it is transp arnt that it entirely cant be influence in the city of Baltimore. firearm try to figure persistentness and concurrence as a unity mother, or a mother chthonic the go it can be hard to do so and as a result, the k ids suffer.The Baraka educate was designed for this reason and declares the boys a stable routine that provide win over their lives all and at last urinate them for the accepted world. The depiction line of battles how overmuch Richard and his brother, Devon, and Montreys families get hold of the Baraka nurture to give their children a pass off to make out the dissipated lives they are in. The sleep with of family troubles actuates the Baraka boys and has a large bushel on their lives educationally and socially. Because some of the boys families are assay with income, destitution definitely affects the quartet African American boys.A neediness of income sure equal affects a stable, healthy, and all round good spiritedness style for the children. deficient in these issues impart sure enough organise to a greater mishap of the boys giveing the crimes that edge them. fleck praying that it entrust non affect their sons the mothers even admitted th at they are terpsichore to join in on the channel crimes that progress right exterior their doorstep. The harmony deep down the families that is portrayed in Boys of Baraka cannot unavoidably check that the boys provide live a crime loosen invigorationspan.As I express before, by not providing a boom stable life-style the kids efficiency not pull round in school and leave alone stretch forth them to move out and get together the crime. overly flavour back, the Baraka inculcate rattling helped to show the boys that they are better than the alley life slightly them and could real go somewhere in life. It amazes me that even afterwards one year of care the Baraka rail in Africa, the boys locations about learning castrated completely. evening fitting an attitude change could potentially unless these African American boys from connexion a lifestyle that has no importance.I was rightfully affected by the Boys of Baraka acquire because it gives you a r eal life pillow slip of how under the weather some batch real have it. I retrieve that Richard and his brother, Devon, and Montrey, go out result in life and make a evoke for themselves other than among the streets of Baltimore if they really worry to. counterbalance just ever-changing the raft of unexampled boys in the knowledgeable cities, worry the Baraka educate did for Richard and his brother, Devon, and Montrey, could be enough to publish them from a lifestyle of grief and unfortunates.

Fix my draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fix my draft - Essay ExampleIn Cartesian dualism, the body and the mind are considered two different and apparent affectionatenesss that are separable. This translates that an individual that exists independently without the effect of other beings, Jaegwon Kim. However states lack spatial location in Cartesian dualism fails to explain how any soul is causally related to its being. It has been known that the body and the soul are always affiliated so Cartesian Dualism needs to explain how the two are not connected in any way. Descartes tries to explain it in Descartes Dualism he argues that the souls also referred to as an indiduals self are purely mental substances that possess no tangible characteristics therefore they create no spatial location. David Jehle interestingly disregards Jaegwon Kims argument in relation to substance dualism. In his way it is not possible to associate the being as a distinct entity from the soul or self. This work tries to bring out the views of thr ee philosophers- Kim Jehles and Lowes, on their arguments on casual relation betwixt the brain and the mind. In conclusion I will explain why Lowes NCSD is the best argument to follow in the explanation.Jaegwon Kim explains in his work, the problem of fundamental interaction, the radical disparity postulated between the brain and the mind and makes casual interaction between the two to show how each works. This concept has led to the denial of substance dualism by many philosophers. The problem of interaction however, is not well stated as an obvious argument against dualism,( Jehle, pp. 565). Jaegwon Kim explains the reason why the problem of interaction is sonorous to be mentioned because, it is hard to pin down exactly what is wrong with posting casual relations between substances with diverse natures and further explain in concrete terms what it is about the natures of mental and material substance that make them not fit to enter into the casual relations with each other, Jehl e,

Fence discrimination defence(not sure which one) Essay

Fence discrimination de ring(not sure which one) - Essay ExampleThe fences we put up are getting bigger, more inhuman and harder to overcome. It is the argument of this paper that these fences should not be allowed to exist, that we should not fence people in, whether the context is moral, social or cultural.Dr. Christina Kochemidova , in her article The Culture of the Fence Artifacts and Meanings, brings up the various contexts a fence evoke be looked at. A fence can be used in many ways as a bar, or barrier, to prevent ingress or to prevent escape. Alternatively it can be used as simply a marker, to demarcate a boundary. More often, fences are used as a division and increasingly as a means of control. These sorts of fences are invisible they exist as rules, laws, and attitudes. This is also noted by Naomi Klein in her article Don Fence Us In. There are numerous employments of this racism, privatization and property proper(a)s are the most prevalent. These create barriers that are incredibly difficult to overcome.Man may go on up originally have used the fence to demarcate, but over the centuries it has evolved into more a protective barrier, in one way, to keep the other out. The other can be anyone we perceive as a threat, or conversely anyone we wish to control. The fence as a control measure is frightening. This avatar is especially promiscuous in the case of racismRacism is universal. Whether it manifests itself as the oppression and slavery of blacks in the United States, or as hatred of Pakistanis and Muslims in Norway, or the bout between Hindus and Muslims in India and Pakistan, the common factor is the segregation and separation of two peoples based on the belief of the inherent superiority of one over the other. In fact, the word apartheid was created from the Afrikaans word for separate the whole concept of a fence lies in that word. Racism has been responsible for some of the most horrible atrocities perpetually committed the Holocaust, the slavery of blacks. In the United States, prior to the Civil War, Blacks were not even allowed the right to be citizens of the country they were not even given the right to be considered human. Segregation in the south of the country took the form of separate facilities for everything including transport and housing. Even when they were finally recognized under the Constitution, they were still educated one at a time under the guise of separate but equal schools under the law. This sort of segregation is a fence. It separates and empowers one group, and suppresses another as is evidenced by the example given above. Denying an ethnic group the status of human is one of the most horrific fences that can be put up. This status was used to control the blacks and keep them in their place. Denied education, proper housing, denied their very independence, the blacks were successfully controlled by these fences that kept them exactly where they were wanted. Education became an extremely important way to break out of these barriers. However, as noted by Hansman et al, education itself is prone to racist overtones. They remark that in many multicultural institutions, the structure of the work is planned around the majority culture, thereby leading to the ineffectual training of minority groups. Institutional factors therefore have a role in maintaining racial prejudice. Another

Fashion and consumer science Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Fashion and consumer science - Term Paper ExampleThis line paper talks about consumers around the world that reflect nigh distinct behavioural traits magical spell going for purchasing lavishness products. Luxury products argon purchased by the consumers not only depending on the features and advantages obtained from the product but also tends to avail a large plethora of experiences attached to such. The people availing such extravagance products also tend to relate their identity with the products purchased and also with the specific brands and companies from which such commodities are purchased. Consumers do not resort to logical decision making while making the relevant purchases but rather are made to satiate the growing desires of comfort and luxury. It also helps the consumers to create a different social range for them in the society. To satisfy consumerism related to fashion commodities different types of retail formats have grown around the world which help the consum ers to sustain their lifestyles. The purchasing activities related to luxury commodities are conducted by consumers both on the physical and on the virtual plane. On the physical front the consumers tend to frequent the stores from where the commodities can be availed. as yet the consumers in the modern periods are also found to avail such commodities through the online sphere or through shopping activities conducted by the help of mobiles. The rating of the benefits availed through the purchase of luxury commodities is done based on the level of reflection that the consumers gain with the products. Still the luxury commodities produced around the world have some considerable lifetime after which such products or services become redundant and their place is taken by other such products and services. With the increase in sophistication and growth of consumer desires the luxury goods and services need to be enhanced in an aspiring manner to help meet future needs (Okonkwo, 2007, p.6 3-64). look for Question The research paper in question

Legal Research Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legal Research Exercise - Assignment ExampleIt therefore threatens the global nature of the profit and active internet users. The Act is currently in the courts subcommittees on courts, Intellectual property and Internet for review.Free Flow of Information Act of 2013 provides specific instructions on nurture disclosure from a specific person connected to news media. The Act restricts any person from the judicial department from obtaining any information from journalism unless both the other sources ar fully exhausted or the court order issues a statement allowing the same to happen. The Act is currently in the subcommittees hold in the Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and the Internet department for further furnishingThe Free Flow of Information Act of 2013 prohibits a covered journalist from information disclosure, unless a judge allows it under tight and specific criminal and civil issues. The Act is currently placed under General Orders in the Senate Legislative Calendar ( Number 238). strategical Lawsuit against Public Participation is formulated with an intention of intimidating people through burdening them with a heavy cost of legal proceedings until their option carcass opposing the criticism they have. Defamation therefore involves use of false statements in altering a persons reputation. In Indiana, laws that preach against defamation and SLAPP suits are available

U09d1 Sarah and Michael Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U09d1 Sarah and Michael Case Study - Essay Examples good, there is a conflict on interest in the case as the couple put one across already decided how they would prefer to spend their last days and it is a psycheal forget rather than one forced by others. It is also clear by law that an individual has the rights to make a decision for how they aim to spend their last few days. This is one of the few issues that have been presented in the case.Secondly, the end of disembodied spirit directive enables the medical assistance to discuss the wish of the parents with the children. This however is a major issue as the cases are for the most part very sensitive and discussing this with the children can prove to be very difficult. This is mainly because the amount of stress, trauma and emotional distress that children and family members go through when an elderly person is ill is very high. Hence it would be difficult for the health care providers to convey the news as well as the fam ily members to hear the news of the will of the parents. This again causes a second of ethics in the case (Garrett, Baillie, & Garrett, 2009).Considering the end of life decision in my life or for someone I know, I feel that it is incorrect to allow anyone to take the decision to end the life of others. This is inappropriate and is completely inhuman. A person should be given the right to give-up the ghost as long as they can and as long as their body is able to accept the life. Using technology to keep a person alive or trying to kill a person against the flow of nature is not right and should not be accepted anywhere in the world. Life is given to all and mercy killing is not ethical in any manner and should not be permitted. Giving an end of life decision for someone irrespective of whether it is a mother or father of brother or sister is incorrect and is against the law of nature. Hence it is essential that this is not provided as an option ever as according to the ACA code o f Ethics it has clearly been presented that, counsellors must strive to take measures

The impact of information technology on accounting world Essay

The impact of information engineering on bill world - Essay ExampleBACKGROUND Accounting is as elder as mankind and muckle used account to settle their scores even when the barter system was in tush. People used different methods of retention records of their transactions and claims to settle their exchanges as monetary transactions. When bill was revolutionized, people brought up several new ways of book keeping which were beneficial and easy to go about. Different rules and principles came in to being when people gave rise to concepts of accounting such as accrual, matching, fair presentation and consistency etc. With progress in this compass, people adopted the use of profit and loss statements as well as balance sheets to conduct their accounting but even then paper records were maintained. This was a hectic exercise which required a lot of time and tracking of records to keep them up-to-date with their daily transactions. This need of time gave rise to Information technol ogy to come and level up the score where the requirement of time saving and keeping track of records could be maintained. Not just that, the way conventional accounting used to take place could also be revolutionized and new and easy ways of book keeping can be brought up where standards and ease be both maintained simultaneously. BEGINNING ERA In the beginning era when information technology was introduced in the field of accounting, people started opting delicate databases in place of hard copies of their records for the purpose of book keeping and tracking the transactions. This not only helped the hectic procedures of keeping the accounting records secure but also helped in the decrease of storage monetary value. The use of software that can calculate the results better and more accurately were used to make the calculations simpler and quick. Presentation was shifted from paper based presentation to soft copy presentation which required little time to make and edit the change s. New software was developed to cope up with the requirements as new standards of accounting came into play and the level on complexity was increased. Both accountants and auditors started relying on the information technology far more than the paper work as it gave them time and cost saving and thus a new era on information technology was introduced in the field of accounting as well as that of auditing. certain STATE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING The current state of information technology in the field of accounting is very diversified and widely as the companies and information technology agencies have developed several ways of countering the needs and requirements of todays fighting era. As the information technology has grownup up in todays era, it has persuaded the managers to implement it in their companies to manage their duties and responsibilities in a more appropriate and designed manner. The current state of accounting involves the use of following accounti ng software and techniques Database management systems Spreadsheets Audit technique software Word processing and graphic presentations Tax assessment software end support systems Inventory and sales management systems Data evaluation and management software etc These are the major software that is implemented today in the field of accounting and management which have given this era of advancement a new dimension. The new era of accounting has also given rise to the in-house victimisation of software and the companies have started their own software houses in

Retirement options for nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retirement options for nurses - Research Paper ExampleThe nurses enjoy their career, and they sleep together their respectable profession, but most of them look forward to hanging up their scrubs - they opt to retire earlier than usual due to the nature of their job. In most cases, they retire without any loneliness plan, and as per the report of the Center for American Nurses, not more than 40 percent of the registered nurses have any solitude plan like 401 (k) offered by the employer or any other long term saving or investment plans (Blakeley & Ribeiro, 2008). It suggests that most of them retire without any pecuniary security. The objective of this paper is to discuss the retirement options for nurses. Retirement Options Generally, nurses dont look forward to the retirement options as much as their male counterparts from other professions, and the prime reason for this tendency is that nurses are females who hardly take any initiatives for investments. The second reason is th at they have scientific background and have no amuse for financial management since they are overworked and get so tired that they procrastinate any decision of financial planning or retirement management (Goldberg, 2002). akin other professionals, nurses should also plan their financial security and retirement just from the beginning of their career. They can take the services of financial consultants or retirement consultants for their planning. at that place are many options available for them. These options have both financial and social aspects and are necessary since they provide them physical or health protection in old age (Glasper, 2011). Financial aspects There are various options available for the nurses which can provide them financial security later on retirement. a. Personal savings They mustiness save 10 to 20 percent of their monthly emoluments for their future b. Recurring Deposits Recurring deposit of even a small amount becomes a broad sum after a long tim e, and it helps in old age. c. Pension Plans Many financial companies offer pension plans which can be availed by the nurses depositing a small amount per month, they will get a corresponding return per month after they retire (Ho, 2006) d. 401 (k) - Nurses can avail retirement through employer 401 (k) programs e. besides above mentioned plans, there are many others which can benefit them after retirement such plans include Govt savings, such as RRSP, IRS, Roth IRA, simple IRA, etc. (Goldberg, 2002) kindly aspects Nurses must not forget about the social aspects of their retirement plans. Since they have been committed to their profession, they might have not fulfilled their social commitments properly, and after retirements the familiarity would have more expectations from them (Friis et al., 2007). a. Friends and family Due to overwork and commitment to their nurses might not have given adequate time to their families and friends, and after retirement their expectations would be high up - the nurses can meet them if they have planned their retirement properly (Friedrich et al., 2011) b. Community involvement through volunteering They also need to plan their retirement adequately if they respect to be involved in community programs through volunteering (Dziadekwich, Andrushko & Klassen, 2012). c. Personal pursuits such as travel, continued education, etc. Many nurses wish to continue their education after retirement, or go on a long vacation or tour, or prefer to visit places. These personal pursuits can only be achieved if their retirement is properly

Epicureans Definition of Pleasure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Epicureans Definition of Pleasure - Essay ExampleHence, Epictetus points kayoed that we possess the capacity to function swell up in this area knowing that it would not lead to disappointment if we choose to work any of such concerns since these occur spontaneously apart from restraint or external force that is not part of our conscious act. Then because only things within our swan are subject to the actions of our choice and we are always in harmony with the willed act, it follows thus that we can bring them to cultivation to become those things that make us live a life of virtue. Epictetus particularly exemplifies body, property, reputation, command as things falling beyond our control and are held in possession by other human beings. This being the case, as we attempt to execute around them, then, we are more(prenominal) likely to acquire frustration for what we cannot control is well within the bounds of abilities employed by others whose thoughts, attitude, and goals in li fe are necessarily different from ours. The proponent we hope to apply in this regard is fleeting or temporary for by constitution, there would emerge struggles in trying to gain something that bears no evidence toward real success. For instance, we may not attach ourselves fully to a property owned because once it is stolen or given over to destruction at a moment we are less able to keep watch of it, the unfortunate incident is going to cause us inevitable pain from which we would rather cultivate malice or hatred toward suspected individuals. This is chiefly the reason virtuous living cannot possibly be sought after perishable objects that are out of reach of our full control since they are more concrete compared to the immaterial principles that form our identity and beliefs which others can never claim ownership of. What we can control appears to dwell in our inner sense of being so that cultivating it serves a firm grasp of wisdom, and therefore, of virtuosity. (2) What sor ts of relationships should we form with other people? How is this related to the issue of externals and astuteness? Through a Stoic point of view, we ought to establish relationships on the basis of duties that make us recognize the essence of accountability and obligation without having to neglect the temperament we seek with freedom. When we relate to others, we must not expect state of affairs that would favor our welfare even if such relations were biological and we could suppose also ideally as to hope for returns that are more than just. Other people are entitled to their own actions and so are we and on this ground, Epictetus encourages us to discover or give thought not about the wicked deed done to us by another person, instead, on the action we should retreat in order that we can remain disposed to acknowledge the treatment provided by our faculties regarding the persons response. We have to accept externals as they are in nature for in this manner, we maintain the no rm of keeping things settled in place. Here, we may not accuse others of wrongdoing or injustice upon us for whatever they take does not really belong to us and it is in how we prefer to see and judge their deed that brings about misery as long as we implement our energy grieving over losses in life and property that are not our own originally though we admit to having experienced them with frequency. in the midst of a parent and a child, for example as Epictetus notes,

Sculpture Across the Paliolithic to 300BCE have the same hair Essay

Sculpture Across the Paliolithic to 300BCE have the same hair - Essay ExampleThis idea enables a viewer like me to identify fond statuses of Greek models. I believe that the long, symmetric and curly hairstyles imply ancient Greek tradition and culture. Four sculptures from Ancient Greece captured my interest. These sculptures are important works of art, and they are displayed in famous museums. The first is the Statue of a Youth from Paul Getty Museum. This statue is also have in Jansons History of Art textbook. The second one is called promontory of Hades from the Online Metropolitan Museum of Art. The third is called Statue of a Kouros, which is displayed at J. Paul Getty Villa Museum located in Malibu, California, and the fourth is the Kore, located in Akropolis Museum in Athens and is also featured in Jansons History of Art. While I was gazing at these works of art, one aspect caught my attention the similarity in hairstyles of ancient Greek sculptures. I noted that all scul ptures have symmetrical braids or curls that cover the forehead. The first sculpture is called Statue of a Youth. It is located at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California down the stairs Sicily Art and Invention between Greece and Rome Exhibit. The sculpture dates back to 470-460 BC from ancient Greece. It is made of marble and measures 181 cm. tall. The sculpture presents a young man, a charioteer from Mozia in Sicily. On one hand, his small face and well-built body form emphasizes his youth and strength. On the other, his hairstyle, which according to the caption, ends in ringlets, may seem feminine to modern viewers. galore(postnominal) would think that his hair is fashionable, some would wonder who styled it others might take interest in the cultural background of the hairstyle. These reflections could lead to the inkling as to why the charioteer has ring-shaped braids. Was this the fad in Ancient Greece or did social status have anything to do with the hairstyle? The caption states, The Mozia youths capped hair ends in ringlets, an untypical feature, and symmetrical. This caption acknowledges the circumstance that the artist employed symmetry in his art, despite the half-twisted gaze of the young man. It also declares that the hairstyle is untypical or uncommon hence it is important to consider ghost back the history of braiding among CVbnm,.charioteers and the whole society of ancient Greece to know the relevance of the hairstyle in display. Nevertheless, I willing reserve my findings in the latter collapse of this paper. Statue of a Youth (the Mozia Charioteer, detail), 460 B.C., Sikeliote (Sicilian Greek). Marble, h 181 cm. J. Paul Getty Museum The statue is placed in the middle of the room, making it the center of attraction. From this location, viewers can note the importance of this piece of art in Greek art and culture. The sculpture is not within a glass case. Made of marble, I suppose it can stand heat and cold, and will not tarnish easily. Nevertheless, some features are missing, such as the arms (and hands), nose, and one shoulder, which could help give more information to the viewer. I am not sure if these are intended or the sculpture was actually damaged at some point in its existence. According to the book, the sculpture was damaged when perfidious forces seized the artworks from Sicily. The figure, which displays the features or a charioteer from

Written submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Written submission - Essay ExampleThe rest of the tenants (15%) are single. There is some ethnic diversity in the farming. The current turnover is at 18%, however, re-letting is a major(ip) challenge especially in the case of smaller properties due to the nations paltry reputation.There is also the problem of a high percentage of the tenants having rent arrears. Most of the customers are in the Housing Benefit scheme and this is one of the major reasons why so many of them have rent arrears. Currently the tenants do not have their own Tenants Association. The level of sense of community is very first gear, tho a few of the residents are eager to change this. There is also very limited customer engagement with Southway and other agencies.Some of the issues and problems facing the estate include a high crime rate which is one of the reasons why the estates has such a high turn over rate and a low re-letting rate. Some of the most common crimes committed in Lowfeaf include burglary and drug dealing. The estates physical appearance is also very shabby with seedy maintained gardens and litter scattered everywhere. There is also a lot of graffiti on the walls which makes the place look unfriendly.Lowfeaf estate has an annual community budget of 10,000 which is currently not being used. The regular staff available includes a community impinge onicer and income management officer. There is also the Customer Involvement team and Your Neighborhood Team Manager who provide support services. There are plans to begin a home improvement programme which is set to take off within six months. There is also an environmental programme which is planned to start in the next nine months.The major issue in this estate is its reputation. Therefore the best plan is one that will help create a good name for Lowfeaf. I have developed a trine year plan that will see Lowleaf turn from a shabby-looking, crime-laden estate to one of the most enviable residential areas. The plan

Soda Ban NYC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soda Ban NYC - Research Paper ExampleIt is in the wake of this situation that the Mayor of bracing York decided to undertake yet another step to help the citizenry cut back on its damaging life-style, reduce soda intake.This move comes at a time when three crucial issues loom over the city. The first one is that previous methods to address fleshiness yield minimal positive outcomes. In the past, the mayor has implemented a few notable policies. Restaurants indicate on the menu the amount of calories in each meal, exclusively people exempt secernate big Macs. A ghastly depiction of the dangers of smoking did nothing to reduce the smoking rates (Hu). Stores started stocking low fat milk and replaced white lollipop with whole meal bread, but there is little to report in regard to positive results. As such, new more aggressive methods beckon, and Mayor Michael Bloomberg is victorious the bull by its horns.Secondly, the health of the population is at its worst compared to a decade ago. The connection between the high rates of weight gain and the lifestyle of the people is not questionable. Shockingly one of the lifestyles people choose is the high calorie giant sodas It is shocking because people have alternative, healthy beverages, but they still prefer unhealthy soda. Doctors claim that there is an increase in diabetes, hypertension, and cardio vascular complications related to unhealthy lifestyles and weight gain (Hu). These complications are responsible for a remarkable portion of mortality among Americans. Sadly, even young children are catching on with the new trend of diseases previously thought to affect only adults. Doctor Dr. Steven M. Safyer is illume on the fact that consuming too many calories in the absence of exercise is a sure way of adding not just weight but excess weight.Thirdly, the cost of health care is spiking, and the amount of money spent on these health complications is crippling. Currently, over 20% of national medical spending i s for addressing obesity and related

Hugo Grotius and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hugo Grotius and Interlanded estateal Relations - Essay ExampleThere are, however, themes which arise from Grotiuss work which give shape to the contemporary discussion of human rights and intervention.2 One of these themes that arises is the connection between peace and liberty. Grotius felt that peace was necessary and integral to the development of liberty.Peace and liberty, therefore, were tenets that Grotius thought went hand in hand. Grotius thought that overall, countries sovereignty was directly interrelated with whether or not there was peace around.Peace and liberty were, ultimately, Grotiuss capstones necessary for ensuring that a society was a safe and promising score to live. Obviously, with the example that will be shown later on with the Bosnian War, Bosnia was neither a peaceful place to live, nor was it a place in which there was such(prenominal) liberty for anyone, especially during wartime.International law is complicated in Grotiuss view. The contemporary probl em of humanitarian intervention is another difficult aspect of the same matter. In the Grotian view, humanitarian intervention could be a just war.3However, if war is the only way to propagate peace, perhaps it might be one of the avenues that is severely considered. Just war theory posits that there are in fact caboodle in which war is warranted for achieving certain purposes.If one nation is, for example, oppressing another nation or not recognizing its sovereignty, this might be a reason a nation would decide to go to war. There may be other mitigating circumstances which would allow for raft to go to war.Just war theory is difficult to defend and it is even harder to defend when one is the nation against whom war is being declared. However, people must understand that they cannot singlehandedly take over other peoples countries.One example is the Bosnian War. For example, several Bosniaks were taken advantage of in the Bosnian War. The Serbs and the Croats were pitted against the Bosniaks. The Serbians were the ones who were against the Bosni

Left with writer to choose one from the list emailed to him Essay

Left with writer to choose one from the list emailed to him - Essay fontEmily is the round and dynamic characters in Faulkners work while the flat and static characters are his return and the townsmen for no changes or developments. The setting of the story is the funeral of Emily attended by her relatives and the townspeople.The life of Emily has everlastingly been an open book. The story of her life is narrated in the third person point of view or narrated in the eyes of the townspeople. Emilys life has always been filled with all the rich and elegant belongings for her father raised her to be a fine and beautiful woman.She has lived a life comparable to a princess wherein the townspeople admired and adored her beauty. Women of her age envied her social status for all the men in the town focused on her admirable beauty. The limelight has do Emily the apple of the peoples eye. She was always watched, applauded and criticized.The people in the town had control of how to live her life. Emilys father wanted to secure her by preventing any eligible bachelor to be Emilys future partner in life. The constrained life of Emily seemed to be ideal for everyone who only saw one side of the story. They were not able to feel the vacuum cleaner and loneliness that Emily felt because of his controlling father and the manipulative hands of the townspeople.Faulkners story had an unexpect turn. ... Her affair with Homer was a union of two souls bound by their love and commitment symbolized freedom for Emily. She felt liberated by the idea of disobedience of her fathers will and the peoples expectations of her.Everyone believed that Emily deserved someone better than Homer and that she did not flip to settle for anyone less simply because she felt lonely and alone. The climax in Faulkners story was when Emily gave up everything she had when she chose Homer. She knew that her father would never take her back and the people would never forgive her for her own decision to get married to Homer. All throughout their relationship, Emily realized that the life of a married woman was no more than perfect. When Emily arrange out about Homers fervent desire to have leave and that Homer was not willing to give up his drinking pals and his vices, she felt dismay and fear. She has already accepted the truth that she could never have him forever and she did not have enough strength to face the consequences of this revelation. Emily has always been afraid to live alone for she played out her younger years with his fathers support and love that when her father died, it was hard for her to accept the truth that she will no longer be able to see his father again. Her denial caused her to become sickly and weak.In this time of distress, she sought for a new pillar of strength which she thought she found in Homer. He expected that Homer was courageous enough to leave all of his worldly activities and settle in peace with Emily. She gave everything that Homer wished. It was like she doubted the love and trust of Homer for if she actually believed that he loves her without any restrictions,

Assignment for my course International Accounting and Consultancy Essay

Assignment for my course International Accounting and Consultancy. Writer must be ON TIME. Writer needs to send me somethinganything on the 13thMarch UK tim - Essay ExampleThe IFRS make the entities achieve this purpose by enabling them to provide member wise development. However the entities do not incur any excessive cost for such reporting they are able to make only at a little extra cost. IFRS 8 arises from the IASBs comparison of International Accounting Standard 14 (IAS 14) division Reporting with the US standard SFAS 131 Disclosures about segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. IFRS 8 replaces IAS 14 and aligns Segment reporting with the requirement of SFAS 131. This paper envisages a critical analysis of the impact and usage of the introduction of IFRS 8 and the extent to which this standard support in achieving the convergence between national accounting standards and IFRS to deliver high-quality solutions.that files, or is in the process of filing, its (cons olidated) financial statements with a securities commission or other restrictive organisation for the purpose of issuing any class of instruments in a public market.However, when both separate and consolidated financial statements for the parent are presented in a single financial report, segment information need be presented only on the basis of the consolidated financial statements. (Deloitte Paper)International Accounting Standards circuit card (IASB) based in London represented and funded by major accounting firms, industrial companies, financial institutions, central banks and other international and professional organizations throughout the valet is committed in developing, in the public interest, a single set of high quality global accounting standards that require transparent and comparable information in general purpose financial statements. According to the IASB Paper on IFRS 8 (2006), the prime butt of the IASB is to achieve the convergence of accounting standards in all in all the countries around the world. With this objective in view, the IASB and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States have undertaken a joint short term project with the objective of reducing the difference between the IFRSs and US GAAP that are capable of resolution in a relatively shorter period of time. The other consideration was that the differences to be addressed must be outside the major projects. With a view to adopting high quality financial reporting solutions, both the Boards considered the standards prescribed by them late and evolved the new standard as the best combination of existing standards. In order to decide on the new IFRS 8 standard the IASB compared the IAS 14 Segment Reporting and SFAS 131 Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise Related Information. It is worth noting that the IAS 14 was adopted substantially from the earlier standard issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in the year 1997. Hence the main reason for the issue of a revised standard in IFRS 8 is to increase the convergence of different standards as healthful as to present the best of the standards available in respect of Segment Reporting. 4.0

Post Colonial World Essay Example for Free

Post Colonial World EssayColonialism has been a wide factor in the development of the world, particularly in the past three centuries, from the 18th to the 20th century. Colonialism has been so important because it was so widespread. With large historical empires comparable those of Great Britain and France reaching out and colonizing democracys from India to the continent of Africa in hopes of being able to gain access to the natural resources found there, colonialism was to effect almost every nation in one way or a nonher. While colonialism did open up the world to greater trade and disbursement of many aspects of another culture to Europeans and, eventually, to Americans, the colonizing of these countries created difficulties and problems in the colonise nations. The fact is that the post-colonial world is nothing but a product of the colonial stop consonant and colonialism creates a whole new set of problems that do not go away even afterwards the colonizing nation has pulled out in fact, more problems develop. Colonialism was a major aspect of modern world history as it really did transform the world. The remnants of this can still be felt today. In Africa, many African nations agree French or English as their authorised language, as in the Ivory Coast or due south Africa, because of the lasting effects of colonialism. In England, remnants of their colonialism of India are still felt in things as menial as a love of Indian cooking, and in India the memories of children being forced to learn at English schools are still remembered. The lasting effects go much deeper, however, than simpler a transference of a nations vibrant culture, or the adoption of an official language.Post-colonialism, in its essence, is the philosophy that many problems arise from colonizing a nation, not the least of which is the loss of a national identity and, perhaps even more unsettling, is the fact that when a empiric power pulls out of a colonized nation, leaving them alone to fight for themselves and create their own way, sometimes centuries after overtaking them, the colonized nation is lost and goes through a check of war and infighting to try and find their place in the world as their own nation, and not a puppet nation. The many wars, uprising, and political instabilities found in post-colonial nations like India and many countries in Africa are directly related to the Colonial period. An example of this can be found in South Africa where long after the British had colonized the country the remnants of their civilization was left behind.Apartheid, in its ugliest form, was left behind and the way that the white people in South Africa treated the relentless people in their own homeland has been widely publicized, interpreted and studied in historical studies. Even today some tensions exist in South Africa and they are still trying to maintain their own national identity in the light of post-colonialism. This can be seen in nations aroun d the world who have been colonized. The colonial period was a time of large powerful empires and nations that did not have the means or the military might to defend themselves from being colonized. The countries that were colonized during this period faced problems that they had never faced before, including a lack of a national identity and having to deal with the fall out when their colonizing power pulled out. Much of the difficulties of the post-colonial period trace their roots back to the colonial period and most particularly to the ruling nation that took over their nation and changed their way of life.

The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Coffee Crisis EssayIntroduction In 2011, Diego Comin, Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, revised his 2009 case study on the Great Moderation (reproduced by permission for Capella University, 2011). The case explores whether or not the Great Moderation, specify by investopedia. com as the period of decreased macroeconomic volatility experienced in the United States since the 1980s during which the standard deviation of quarterly authoritative gross domestic product declined by half, and the standard deviation of inflation declined by two-thirds (para.1) is still in effect. This paper will wont evidence from research in a adumbrate by Pancrazi and Vukotic (2011) that proposes macroeconomic variables in the last thirty years gull not only experienced a reduction in their overall volatility, only also an increase in their persistence (p. 2). The 2011 research paper also purports that by using a New-Keynesian macroeconomic model the reactivity of output deviation to changes in the monetary policy decreases with an increase in the persistence of technology (p. 2). The result, match to Pancrazi and Vukotic, is an overestimate of the monetary influence and authority to smooth out the real economic dynamics (p. 2). The Great Moderation and the The Great Recession. Comin, in The Great Moderation, Dead or Alive? (Capella, 2011), quotes Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve reduced macroeconomic volatility has numerous benefits. Lower volatility of inflation improves market functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources devoted to hedging inflation risks.Lower volatility of output tends to accuse more stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms. The reduction in the volatility of output is also almost associated with the fact that turning points have become less frequent and less severe (p. 17). Comin points out that t hese conditions existed until the Great Recession of 2007 when the U. S. and former(a) countries experienced the longest period of recession and the largest GDP contraction in the U. S. since the Great Depression (p. 17). In Overlooking the Great Moderation, Consequences for the Monetary Policy (2011), the researchers hypothesize that the Great Moderation might have been fertile ground for the recent recession (p. 3), in that technology caused an increased persistence in the macroeconomic variables (p. 4). Macroeconomic Observations. To summarize Comins (2011) account of macroeconomic activity in the U. S between 1930 and 2010, when observing the GDP during this period, he says, it is clear that since around 1984 it has been harder to observe large deviations from the average growth rate (p.17). When examining other macroeconomic variables, Comin says that hours peeed, consumption, investment, labor productivity, and total factor productivity (TFP), have, for the most part, exper ienced stabilization by roughly the same magnitude, where the stock market has not stabilised significantly. If anything, it has become more volatile over the last few decades (p. 18). Pancrazi and Vukotic focus their research on studying the behavior of the total factor productivity (TFP) in front and after the Great Moderation (p.4)by using a basic New-Keynesian model featuring imperfect completion and price stickiness, to ascertain whether a change in the persistence of TFP affects the responsiveness of the real variables to the monetary policy (p. 6). Their observations include an examination of the stability of TFP and an assessment that a higher Microeconomic impact of the umber crisis. The case study conveys that umber was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (p.1). The coffee crisis created immense hardship for these small producers in some countries, farmers had been forced to take their c hildren out of school and put them to work (p. 1). One of the consequences of the coffee crisis that was less publicized was how larger farms and their workers were devastated. Large farms generally do not use non-cash family workers, like many of the smaller farmers do as a result of the crisis, many workers were laid off, subsequently putting larger farms wholly out of business.(Price, 2003) Where some producers chose to get out of the coffee business and venture into unknown territory with a new crop, others either attempted to break into the coffee niche market or decrease their outputs. (Line Tickell, 2003) In the ICO report on the impact the coffee crisis has had on pauperization, the socio-economic impact reported by the respondent countries is fill with narratives that describe families and farmers who worked in the coffee industry unable to pay for medicine, food, and other essentials.Families are also reported to have migrated to cities, where there is typically no wor k for skilled farmers some countries report that workers have migrated leaving their families behind. (Osorio, 2003) Solutions for long term sustainability. The case study presents an outline of solutions recommended by the ICO, Technoserve (as reported to the Inter-American Development Bank) and Oxfam. The Coffee Crisis states that, according to Oxfam, the long run solutionwas a commitment to fair trade a system in which a buyer in the first ground agrees to pay third-world producers enough to support a decent living (p.5). Oxfam says that the fair trade movement was designed to provide an assured income and other benefits to the farmers associated with it (Line Tickell, 2003, p. 8). Technoserve believes the following tierce areas offer the highest potential for sustainable impact 1. Increasing coffee consumption in producer countries and emerging market countries 2. Assisting unprofitable producers of high-quality Arabica to move into higher-priced specialty coffees and 3. per centage regions with a high concentration of marginal coffee producers who cannot differentiate their product or compete on price to diversify into other products and industries (para. 15 16). In June, 2004, Nestor Osorio of the ICO presented to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) a report titled Lessons Learned from the Coffee Crisis A Serious Problem for sustainable Development. In it he outlines the economic strategies he believed would prevent a future crisis and assist coffee producer toward long-term sustainability.Two proposed policies address the supply-demand problem 1. To use the experience of the coffee crisis to create awareness best strived through the ICO in national and international bodies of the danger of embarking on any projects or programmes (sic) which will progress increase supply and 2. Working to increase the benefits accruing from value-added products rather than traditional bulk commodity exports. Osorio recognizes the im portance of the need for market development to increase demand (p. 5) also.He says that projects intended to benefit the supply chain should include actions from farmer to consumer, as well as farmer to exporter. These include 1. Support for the ICOs Quality-Improvement Programme as a means of improving consumer appreciation and consumption of coffee 2. Action to increase consumption in coffee-producing countries themselves, which should have a number of positive cause such as providing an alternative market outlet, increasing producer awareness of consumer preferences, stimulation of small and medium enterprises, etc. as well as performing to increase demand3. Action to enhance knowledge and appreciation of coffee in large emerging markets such as Russia and China, following the successful ICO campaigns in the 1990s and 4. Protecting consumption levels in traditional markets through quality maintenance, development of niche markets and dissemination of positive information on the health benefits of coffee consumption. (p. 5-6). Conclusion The coffee market has been described as an imperfect market a market that in recent years has failed both in benignant and economic terms (Lines Tickell, 2003, p. 8). The coffee crisis illuminated the impact the market had on international trade, national economies, businesses and families many in underdeveloped, low income countries. Because the regions where coffee can be grown are also many times third-world or repressed countries, coffee production is considered a humanitarian concern as well as an economic issue.Where an organization like Technoserve may lean toward business partnership solutions for the coffee industry, and Oxfam may concentrate on the humanitarian perspective, the International Coffee physical composition appears to have taken a balanced approach in presenting the plight of coffee producers from both altruistic and economic perspectives.Where it is understood that many depressed areas and natio ns appear on coffee crops for sustenance, the ICO has taken a stand that the lessons learned from the coffee crisis must be solved with the tenets of economics, coupled with social responsibility, if families, farms, businesses and coffee-producing nations are going to achieve long-term sustainability. References Capella University. (Eds. ). (2011). MBA6008 Global Economic Environment.New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Lines, T. , Tickell, S. (2003, May 1). Walk the Talk, Oxfam International Briefing Paper, May, 2003. Oxfam International Working together to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice.Retrieved May 5, 2012, from www. oxfam. org/sites/www. oxfam. org/files/walk. pdf Osorio, N. (2002). ICO. org Documents/Global Crisis. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/globalcrisise. pdf Osorio, N. (2003). ICO. org Documents/G-8.International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/g8e. pdf Osorio, N. ( 2004). ICO. org Documents/UNCTAD. International Coffee Organization.Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/UNCTAD. pdf Prince, M. (2003, December 3). CoffeeGeek Coffee CrisisTechnoServe Releases Fact-Based Industry Analysis. CoffeeGeek News, Reviews, popular opinion and Community for Coffee and Espresso. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http//coffeegeek. com/resources/pressreleases/technoservedec42003.

Research Methods in the Media Industry Essay Example for Free

Research Methods in the Media Industry EssayTheres a whole garland of reasons why look into is undertaken in the media industry and theres also a number of different tracks to air divulge research to acquire the different forms of instruction required. This report will be discussing the following in detail audience research, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, aboriginal research and unessential research lastly consumer aw arnessWhy we research in the media industry?As I said before research is undertaken for a variety of reasons. It might be so the director knows what they possibility may need to adjust in their production based on what its about, and this is cognize as content depth psychology where the producer and the director will research the subject matter to assemblage information to include into the final production. In accession research might also be undertaken be aware of effective restrictions for instance copyright infringement simply when you w ant to use the same ideas or the same content you will require written consend from the person who originally invented or owns the idea, in most cases copyright infringement doesnt protect the profound ideas, it also doesnt protect facts. For instance, copyright doesnt stop or limit you from expressing in your own words thoughts and facts that originate in any sources you read or view however you must give appropriate credit to the sources in which they originated from. For instance, there form been several, Alien based institutes, however only one E.T. hearing researchMedia products all have a station audience which could be defined by several factors, including age, gender as well as demographics. Whether its a chat show, daily newspaper, film or any another(prenominal) media form, each has a clear target audience. You must beware that audiences are non the same besides the audience research tells the producer what most applies to the audience how they john take advantage of what applies to the audience. They may watch previously released films/programmes and find out if they were successful at appealing to that audience. On the other hand they can observe a sort viewing of a series premiere to take hold of the groups reaction and see if theyve met their expectations and getting a calculation from the observation to see if they need to make just about alterations to the production. Additionally Producers may also use BARB to find out further details about their selected audience what exactly is appealing to them after that discus features that will be in the production.Qualitative research methodsQualitative methods are better for finding more descriptive selective information and horizons because you interact with the research which lets you to explain any misunderstood questions and to go into further detail meaning you get a more factual answer. Methods that are categories under qualitative research range from case studies, interviews, diary a nalysis and focus groups. For instance the producers of a film will pick out a group which has the profile of their target audience, and will show them the film. This can be done both pre and post release if the film is not performing as well as predicted. The producer could then use the focus groups response to alter or completely re call, or even go ahead and take nothing on board and confirm the adopt and content of the film.Quantitative research methodsQuantitative research mainly is numerical data. It could be used by producers of a film or by the fellowship which is marketing it. UK based TV companys use the( Broadcasters Audience Research Board) BARB for short to analyse viewing ratings, positivist radio move use ( Radio Joint Audience Research Limited) short for RAJAR will view the listening numbers. Qualitative and quantitative methods are constantly used together in order to research the habits and preference of the target audience. In order to identify the profile o f the audience, producers may look at current demographic models has on age or gender, or they may try to create a new audience for their film.Creating a new audience is much harder to accomplish to boot a producer may have to come up with a film which is appealing to those that feel theres a gap in the industry, or gather a group of item-by-items together who all desire a possible reinvasion in the market. Finally when a target audience has been recognized, the film producer will then target the audience by using a series of carefully organised ad campaigns. The films could be promoted in newspapers that the target audience reads, also online sites which are frequently visited by the target audience, or show an ad when youre guaranteed the most viewers such as thaumaturgists league games or X factor episodes.Primary research methodsPrimary research is any research thats done by an individual first hand. Theres a wide range of techniques for primary research from focus groups, int erviews, observations and questionnaires, all come under as primary since questions are being asked directly this is research that is done first hand.Primary research is more suitable for finding out detailed information since you wouldnt have to rely on anyone elses results to be correct since the individual would have gathered the necessary information themselves so they know everything was done exactly how they precious so the information is reliable. Primary research can come in the categories of both qualitative and quantitative research since theres a variety of ways to conduct this research.Detailed look at a few the primary research techniquesQuestionnaires are regularly used by researchers when they need to gather essential information from a number of people targeting certain groups by age, ethnicity, and gender even social class. There practically surveys that can be sent on the internet in the post or hand out person to person. Its easy to analyse questionnaires since it s just basically gathering numbers, in addition its a much cheaper but sometimes a more time consuming process to gather information.Then again on the down side questionnaires arent able to get hold of, detailed information since they typically have closed questions yes or no type or the listed options provided in questionnaire. Another potential problem with questionnaire is that the individual taking part in the questionnaire may get the wrong end of the stick about a particular question or just not understand completely. For that reason the individual organising the questionnaire may possibly not get the right results from the questionnaire. Possible way to evade this you could do a pilot study to examine the questionnaire and make any necessary alterations after.Interview interviews can be divided into three areas structured, outfit structured, unstructured interviews. social organisationd Structured interviews stick to a specific guideline with set questions sticking to the o nes written.Semi structured Semi structured interviews have some questions however questions can be added on the spot to go into more detail with the questions.Unstructured lastly unstructured interviews have no questions set. The interviewer will bring up a topic with some questions in their head, similar to a casual conversation than anything.Interviews are mainly qualitative forms of research this method of research can very fruitful to the researcher since you are capable of going into more detail and thus gather further information for your research.On the other hand, the questions asked in an interview may be bias if the interviewer has their personal biased viewpoint placing their opinion in the questions. This may be done by the interviewer if they ask leading questions for instance. Tell us the reason why you like this film, instead of do you like the film.Secondary research methodsSecondary research is gathered information that was done by someone else and made accessible to the public. For instance through archives, the internet, and other media outlets such as the news all of these come under secondary data since the information that you receive from these sources is information that the individual never gathered themselves.Potentially secondary research maybe unreliable option of researching since the individual cant be sure that everything written is accurate since they never carried out the research themselves and they cant test it and get the same results. On the plus side secondary research is significantly cheaper and faster process to use since the information has been completed for you already by someone else.Detailed look at a few the secondary research techniquesThe most common practice of secondary research done nowhere days is on the internet to think not too long ago we spent while copy the information on a copy machine. With the capacious amount of online resources, traditional promoter of research done by books seem out dated. Its now common for a student to complete an essay without opening a angiotensin converting enzyme book. However there are always pros and cons with any new technology. Some people like to say theres a skill convolute in finding a book in the library and searching.An Individual can ignore the entire topic that was read thoroughly for pertinent information. This may lead to more people getting the wrong end of the stick and not understanding the subject matter. But its a free vast amount of information free for use for anybody much easier and less process, as well as getting qualitative information and opinions including polls, surveys, are simpler with the internet, assuming youre aware of where youre getting your information from. That could lead to a con since its not wise to use information from an unaccredited source, not from opinion based sites a lot of these sites around that look creditable but are far from itConsumer awarenessConsumer awareness is the understanding that a cons umer is knows his or her legal rights and duties. Its essential for a consumer to stick to these rights. Its implemented for the protection of the consumer, so the consumer is not exploited. But the producers may look into consumer awareness to discover if their ad campaign successful or if its unsuccessful.NRSThe National Readership Survey NRS for short is provides the most dependable and respected audience research in operation for the advertise sector in the UK. The NRS reports on over 250 of the UKs mainstream newspapers and magazines, you get a sense of the size and nature of the audiences they attract. In this always evolving digital age the NRS tranquillize create partnerships with the leading digital data sources providing a clearer vision of the combined total audience future. This is a great source for gathering information since data posted on this site are available without subscription. Already prepared for producers and so on only thing to do now is compare.Company S tructureNRS Ltd is regulated and for the most part funded by three shareholders(IPA) The Institute of Practitioners in Advertising(NPA) The Newspaper Publishers Association(PPA) The Periodical Publishers AssociationWhy are the surveys so important?The way surveys are carried out affects the estimations it produces. Particularly for media measurement surveys NRS haphazardly selects individual aged 15+ in the UK. Only the chosen individuals may be interviewed to ensure that the surveys are clear and representative.The demographic characteristics wont have the same reading habits according to their lifestyle and availability. Its better for NRS to use random testing to reduce the favouritism towards people who are available for interview than others.The Interviews StructureA nonstop survey, all 12 months of the year, 7 days a weekTotal number around 36,000 interviews a year with adults aged 15+ per yearA random sample interviews only conducted at randomly selected addresses with rando mly selected individualsThe average time for an hour takes half an hourhttp//www.nrs.co.uk/access.html

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ExplosivesKareem CantyIntroductionThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is an berth within the unite States Department of Justice. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives protects American citizens from dangerous and illegal activities involving, as its name suggest, alcoholic drink, tobacco, firearms and explosives. The mission of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is to conduct criminal investigations, regulate the firearms and explosives industries, and assist other jurisprudence en rampment agencies. This work is undertaken to prevent terrorism, abbreviate violent crime and to protect the public in a manner that is faithful to the Constitution and the laws of the unit of measuremented States (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives). Though The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a law enforcement agency one of the primary responsibilities is tax collection. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is responsible for(p) for taxes on alcohol, tobacco, ammunition, and firearms. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is an important agency protecting Americans.History of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ExplosivesThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has been the bushel agency responsible for regulation and taxation of the above mention categories since July 1st 1972. However, some of the duties of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives have existed in some form in the unify States since 1789. Initially, these activities were performed by the Department of Treasury. On July 1st 1862, the map of Internal Revenue was founded. This new agency was now responsible for all taxes, including those on alcohol and tobacco. The Office of Internal Revenue included enforcement agents to pursue those who evaded taxes. In 1919, the Volstead Prohibition Enforcement Act and the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to produce or transport alcohol. Enforcement of these policies send packing on the Office of Internal Revenue. In 1920, the Prohibition Unit was created. This agency was made up of the agents focusing on liquor laws. On April 1st, 1927 the Prohibition Unit officially became a bureau under the Treasury Department. Congress established a new Bureau of Prohibition under the Department of Justice in 1930. This new bureau was now responsible for enforcing Prohibition. Then, the Treasury Department was still responsible for the tax and regulations associated with Prohibition, under the new Bureau of Industrial Alcohol. In declination 1933, the Twenty First Amendment to the Constitution ended Prohibition. Shortly after, President Roosevelt created, via executive order, the Federal Alcohol Control Administration to regulate the newly legal industry. This agency was replaced in less than dickens years by the Federal Alcohol Administration (FAA). The FAA was founded as part of the Treasury Department, who was again responsible for supervising the alcohol industry. In 1934 the Alcohol Tax Unit was founded as part of the Bureau Of Internal Revenue. The FAA combined with the Alcohol Tax Unit.Prohibition, though over, resulted in a perdurable culture of organized crime. Due to the violence resulting from organized crime, the National Firearms Act was passed in 1934 and the Federal Firearms Act passed in 1938. These Acts regulated firearms, largely via taxes. In 1942, the enforcement capableness of firearm regulation was entrusted to the Alcohol Tax Unit. Around this time, the ATU became known as the Alcohol Tax Division until the 1968 Gun Control Act. With this act, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives was now responsible for additional substances, including explosives. In July 1972, the Treasury Department Order NO.120-1 officially shifted all activities involving alcoh ol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives from the Internal Revenue Services to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives After over one cytosine years of restructuring, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has finally achieved stability in its structure and its duties. One major change the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has undergone was its adoption of anti- arson enforcement. In 1982, congress revise the original legislation that outlines the duties of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to include arson. Since the 1970s the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has grown both its reckon and its staff. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has added over a thousand employee positions. Since 1973, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives budget has increased from $74 million to $1.07 billion (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives).BudgetIn 2013 the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives total budget was $1,153,345,000. This budget covers The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives staff, operations, and programs. Though the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives collects taxes, that property does not found The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives activities. From the years 2007-2011, the ATF collected over $112 million. This money is turned over to the Treasury Department General fund. The funding from The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives comes from national government. Before each fiscal year, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives submits a budget draft to congress. The draft includes information about the allocation and purposes of their requested funding. Congress edits and revises the budget as they see appropriate and then grants the funding to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. This budget includes salari es of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives 4,937 staff employees (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, 2012).International PartnersThough The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is responsible for enforcing laws in the United States, they also work along international organizations. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives deeds international to investigate and prosecute international crime. Some examples of these organizations include the United Nations, Interpol, and the G8. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has bailiwick offices in several other countries. They work alongside law enforcement, government officials, and policy makers in these countries. For example, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has offices in Canada, Mexico, Europe, Colombia, El Salvador, and the Caribbean. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has the most offices in Mexico, wi th five field offices in the country.Domestic PartnersSince its beginning, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has worked closely with multiple other governmental agencies. Early on, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives worked with the Treasury Department and the now destitute Federal Alcohol Administration. Today the bureau works closely with state and local law enforcement. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives works with state and local law enforcement to put through laws and regulations, as well as to locate and prosecute those who break these laws. Also, the ATFS leaders work with Congress on evaluation and budgetary matters.In The American System by Morton Godzins, the American government is described as very chaotic. Godzins discusses how multiple branches and agencies of government often overlap in function. He writes that successful collaboration requires agencies to openly communicate. To describe the intermingled functions of government, Godzin uses the analogy of a marble cake. This image illustrates the mixing of government functions as chaotic and unordered (Shafritz and Hyde, 2011).THE BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES TodayThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives now serves the same purposes as it did when it was founded. Their scope has grown to include numerous activities that are relevant to their purpose. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives organizes its activities into ten core functions. These functions include original objectives, such as alcohol and tobacco, the criminal firearm usage and trafficking and regulation of the firearms industry. In the 1970s, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives began including explosives, bombs, bombing, and the explosive industry in their responsibilities. As previously mentioned, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives began to investigate arson in the 1980s, adding it to their core functions. The three remaining functions are more recent additions. The first of these additions is a focus on criminal groups and gangs. This activity is closely a lined with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives mission and values as criminal activity often inculpates the usage, purchase, or trade of the materials regulated by the bureau. The final two functions involve management activities and are also included in the strategic goals of The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. These functions involve the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives workforce and modernization. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is constantly seeking to maintain and reach a highly skilled staff. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives seeks a diverse and talented employee base. The final function, modernization, is a focus of many government agencies today. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firea rms and Explosives aims to improve upon its expert skills in order to remain effective and relevant in todays world.Strategic GoalsIn 2010, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives published its strategic goals for 2010-2016. Four of the six goals focused on activities relating to the mission of. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives These goals involve illegal firearms trafficking, criminal groups and gangs, explosives and bombings, and fire and arson. The remaining goals involved management activities. Those goals relate to work force and modernization. Over the past quad years the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has implemented changes where needed in order to meet these goals. All of these goals contribute to The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives vision, We protect America. We protect your community.(The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives)The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosi ves two management activities, modernization and work force seek to improve the internal operations of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Their modernization goal consists of modernizing business activities. This goal also involves modify procedures for information sharing and knowledge management. Finally, this goal also seeks the implementation of more innovative technology. The second management goal of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives attempts to improve its work force by attracting, developing, and retaining a strong work force. Both of these goals aim to keep the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives operating at its full potential.Victim/Witness financial aid courseSince the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives focuses on illegal activities, the agency frequently interacts with victims. In order to guarantee victims receive their rights as specified in the Crime Victim Rights persona of Federal Law 18 United States Code, Section 3771, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives established its Victim /Witness Assistance Program in 1999. This program enables the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to nominate victims with various types of support. The Victim/ Witness Assistance Program ensures victims safety, as well as providing them with other resources. These resources include, but are not limited to, on pecuniary assistance, recovery of property, and referrals to other relevant support agencies. These support agencies can provide services such as emergency housing, counseling, and support groups.The Victim/Witness Assistance Program is implemented by twenty three Victim/Witness Coordinators. These officers can be found in each of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives field divisions situated the across the country. These coordinators work closely with the United States Attorneys Office, which has its own Victim Witness Coordi nators. The Victim/Witness Assistance Program also works with the previously mentioned support agencies. These agencies can be located at both state and local levels. The program Coordinators also worked closely with local law enforcement agencies, curiously concerning the safety of victims.While I found no criticism of the Victim/Witness Program, I also found no praise of the program. There seems to be little information available from other sources about this program. This is most likely due to the fact that the program is largely confidential and is only experienced by those who truly need its services, victim irrelevant crime.ConclusionThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives exists in order to protect American citizens and to keep their activities in line with the law. The bureau enforces laws and regulations intend to keep Americans safe. They are responsible for regulating the manufacture and trade of weapons and explosives and for controlling and preventing d rug trade. Without The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the United States government would have a very onerous time regulating these trades and enforcing these policies.BibliographyCongressional Budget Submission Fiscal Year 2013, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, accessed October 20, 2014 https//www.atf.gov/sites/default/files/assets/budget/2013-atfFact Sheet ATF Staffing and Budgeting, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, accessed October 20, 2014 https//www.The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.gov/publications/factsheets/factsheet-staffing-and-budget.htmlShafritz, Jay M. and Albert C. Hyde. Classics Of humanity Administration, Seventh Edition. (Boston Cengage Learning, 2011).Shafritz, Jay M.,E.W. Russell, and Christopher P. Borick. Introducing Public Administration, Eight Edition. (Boston Pearson Education, Inc., 2013).2004-2009 Strategic Plan, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosiv es, accessed October 15, 2014, https Explosives.gov/files/publications/download/sp/2004-2009/2004-2009-strategic-plan-vision-mission.pdf