Document Comentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Document Comentary - Essay Example Though people with such thinking are in absolute minority, but the fact that they are carrying out the bomb blasts, the killings and the hate campaign in the name of Jihad, has brought a bad name to the Islamic community. While often citing Allah and the Holy Quran, these anti-social elements have put the entire Islamic community on defensive. Though there are Muslim leaders, who have often expressed their opinions against the campaigns carried out by such groups, but it failed to have much impact as there were some others, who have also been assisting the terror elements. The lack of unity amongst the Islamic nations has further aggravated the problem. Many countries in the Gulf nations are economically well off and are the key suppliers of oil to the world community in general. But the fact that these countries are dependent on Europe or America for needs like defence and other strategic requirements. This has compelled Crown Prince Abdullah to come out with a call for unity amongst the Islamic world. The leader with a modern and broad outlook has been trying to emphasise that the Islamic world must use afflictions and catastrophes as opportunities and challenges for making a self scrutiny. The key objective of the document is to seek unity amongst the Islamic nations, to review the happening that are taking place in the name of Islam to find out ways and means for repairing such errors. HRH Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz feels that such an introspection is a must for a broader unity amongst the Islamic nations in general and Gulf nations in particular. The audience includes members of GCC, opinion builders and the media persons attending the conference. While sending across a strong message of solidarity amongst the gulf nations, Prince Abdullah is candid enough to admit the weaker areas lapses being committed by some of the Islamic nation. This has provided covert or overt support to the anti-social elements. The

Witchcraft and Violence in the World Today Essay

Witchcraft and Violence in the World Today - Essay Example As history has shown, fear is a powerful motivator. Perhaps the most well-known example in the United States would be the Salem witch trials in seventeenth-century Massachusetts. This type of violence, often driven by personal vengeance or mass hysteria, can still be found in the world today, and in fact, there are many examples of just such a fear of the unknown causing people to lash out against their neighbors. In the modern world there are several different definitions for the term â€Å"witchcraft.† Stephen Hayes provides an excellent analysis of the problems associated with the terminology as it is used by various people around the world. According to Hayes, many people use the word witchcraft in a traditional manner. To these people using witchcraft means to use dark or black magic to cause harm to others. In essence, these people see the use of witchcraft as evil. In contrast, many followers of the neopagan religion Wicca use the term witchcraft synonymously for their religion. To Wiccans there is nothing evil about the term, save for the violence that was committed against alleged witches throughout history. This paper will use the more traditional definition of witchcraft. The reasoning for this choice can best be summarized by Hayes: â€Å"In normal, non-Wiccan usage †¦ the essence of witchcraft and sorcery is the causing of harm to persons or property by invisible occult means† (339). Tanzania is a country in eastern Africa lying on the Indian Ocean. The majority of the population in this country believes in witchcraft, similar to the beliefs in many other areas of Africa. Elderly women in Tanzania are often accused of witchcraft and murdered. Additionally, according to some researchers, in years when Tanzania suffers unusual rainfall either by drought or flooding then the murders of accused witches double (Kristof, par. 3). However, weather is not the only cause for these murders. Many of the murders are also performed at the beh est of traditional healers who blame the elderly women of performing witchcraft to cause illness in their patients (Dickinson, par. 2). Clearly the murders in Tanzania have many different causes at their roots. Other areas of Africa also have problems with violence against those accused of witchcraft. The Democratic Republic of Congo is located in western central Africa. It, like its eastern neighbor Tanzania, also has problems with attacks on â€Å"witches.† In 2008 there was a massive scare in the country surrounding purported thefts of men’s penises. Several cases of attempted lynching occurred during the incident in which suspected sorcerers were â€Å"accused of using black magic to steal or shrink men’s penises† (Bavier, par. 1). Police in Kinshasa arrested the accused witches as well as their alleged victims in order to avoid the murders associated with a similar incident a decade earlier in Ghana, another African country. The continent of Africa i s not the only place in the world where violence occurs against those who purportedly practice witchcraft. According to Tess Eastman, a woman in India was recently tied to a tree and beaten for being a witch (par. 1). The violence in this case was initiated by a man who had admitted to hiring the woman to heal his wife with magic and prayer. However, the man subsequently accused the woman of witchcraft when his wife’s condition worsened. This accusation was enough for the violence to happen. The attack, while not fatal for the accused witch, was violent enough to result in the arrest of six people, including the original hirer of the woman. While it would be tempting to believe that violence against accused witches only happens halfway around the world from the United States,

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events Event Stakeholder Behaviour Contents (Jump to) Introduction The Context Stakeholder Behaviour Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Wilson (2000) stated that he believes the factors determining buyer behaviour is a proposition that is extremely difficult in that the processes are both complex as well as difficult to understand as a result of the many external influences at work acting upon and affecting the decisions. The purpose of buyer behavioral models is to aid marketers in mapping out the factors and influences that could affect the outcome, and then weighing those factors to assist in the decisions that will result in their favor. Identifying the buying behaviour patterns of both the attendee and the sponsor in the sports sector of the events industry entails considering that such is taking place within a semi controlled environment which in effect aids the sponsor as there are less outside competing influences vying for the attendees attention even though the atmosphere is charged with intense mental and other stimuli. The relationship involved in the setting indicated, sports sector of the events industry, means that the sponsor represents the marketer seeking to influence the outcome with reference to the attendee, to have him or her try, purchase, or consider their offering. In this context, the sponsor is seeking multiple outcomes representing a past, now and future connotation in that the preceding represent either changing an attendees preconceived notions or ideas of his offering, this represents past influences, having the attendee purchase or try the product within the setting at the event, and influ encing the attendee to re-consider their ideas on his offering that could result in trial, consideration, inquiry, trial or purchase after leaving the event. These preceding multiple objectives are valid approaches in that a singular approach, seeking ‘now’ results, overlooks and ignores the other equally important factors that are present in any gathering of distinctly different individuals of varied age groups, experiences, backgrounds and demographics. The opinions expressed by Engel et al (1968) suggest that an advertiser or sponsor should be mindful not to overstate nor understand the attributes, features or other aspects of their offering as this might result in a negative perception when real world circumstances such as actual usage or trail occur. Dubois (2000) reminds us that theorists such as Sigmund Freud have attempted to analyze what might influence individuals studying the psyche as well as subconscious motivations as their means of doing so. The implications of planning for such an event means that sponsors must consider a number of differing and unique aspects in consideration of the circumstantial context in the planning of marketing activities. The Context Buyer behaviour differs from consumer behaviour in that the former is the domain of business and marketing professionals seeking to understand this phenomenon (Schiffman et al, 2000). The Sheth et al (1969) model, which consists of multi variables, attempts to inculcate knowledge concerning a consumer’s purchase along with their behaviour, through the utilization of a transformation process. In this model it shows the stages concerning influences that affect the behaviour process (Sheth et al, 1969): The ‘Significative’ Stage The ‘Symbolic’ Stage, and The ‘Social’ Stage Contained within the preceding stages ‘reference groups’ are mentioned, which Bearden et al (1982) describe as â€Å"†¦ a person or group of people that significantly influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the behaviour of an individual. The three types of reference groups described by Bearden et al (1982) are: Information Influences: This type of group seeks out the information by which to make a decision that is reliable. Utilitarian Influences: This group seeks to want to appear like others within the group to either avoid punishments and/or to receive certain benefits. Value-expressive Influences: In this reference group the influenced party accepts the positions and or perceptions of others as a result of the need to belong. The preceding contextual ramifications are factors which need to be considered by sponsors in their more active role in the process as they represent influences upon the attendee. It should be noted that the Sheth et al (1969) model does not predict purchase behaviour; it simply lays out the influences that might affect behaviour that can then be utilized as a frame of reference. The model explains how influence and inputs are evaluated as well as utilized by the buyer as a result of perceptual and learning constructs (Sheth et al, 1969), and then goes on to identify the eventual outcomes and outputs of the process. Marketers utilize buyer behaviour, models, to aid them in arriving at assumptions. The preceding helps them to analyze, understand, evaluate, criticize and monitor a specific market and or product. Chisnal (1994) indicates that there are the following uses for models: That they aid in mapping out the various characteristics that might affect the eventual purchase of an offering in a manner that is more simplified. And that they result in marketing strategies that are more effective as they are developed as a result of outcomes that are likely as predicted from the model. Additionally, Chisnall (1994) indicates that a well-structured and effective model will be: Relevant: In that the model(s) must be applicable to marketing situations that are real. Comprehensible In this instance the models need to be both well constructed as well as clear. Valid This type of model is verifiable in terms of occurrences in the real world. The utilization of multi-variable models refer to the attendee, sponsor aspects as being examined herein as the factors, circumstances and influences acting within and without are more complex as well as include multiple relationships and aspects from behavioral sciences. Said models are more representative concerning the actual characteristics regarding buyer behaviour, however they are not easily analyzed. Inherent in this equation is the consideration of temporal constraints. The situation that considers the buyer behaviour in the sports sector of the events industry that is time dependent. Said events have a time period correlation which represents the length said event shall take place. Fraisse (1963) pointed out that individuals are usually influenced by conditions of situation in making judgments about time. The preceding is important in helping to mold buyer behavior in that studies conducted regarding the influence of varied mood states has shown that it has a factor in the way they estimate the duration of an event as well as their temporal orientation (Hornik, 1981). The further implications of the foregoing presents the opportunity for sponsors to introduce an additional element into the equation to aid in increasing the net effect of their efforts, as well as the other input variables. As all of these factors have differing effects with respect to their input on buyer behavi or, common sense dictates that the utilization of as many non-conflicting elements as possible will thus skew the potential outcome more in one’s favor. Thus, understanding the need to induce a positive and uplifting mood as a factor in buyer behaviour inducement represents an opportunity to increase the net effect of the message, action, influence or course one desires or seeks to obtain as a result. Hornik’s (1981) studies suggested that individuals in a positive mood will more than likely be disposed to be future oriented, whereas individuals in a negative mood will have an orientation more geared to the present, or now. This explains the utilization of bright lights, colors, theme music and a festive atmosphere as important variables. The preceding is the general overall mood present in events conducted in the sports sector as they are seen or perceived as recreational or entertaining, thus striking or establishing a pre-conceived mood expectation that needs to be amplified or at least rise to those expectations in order to maintain the positive future orientation factor. The second time-based research that enters into consideration is called ‘intertemporal choice.’ (Hornik’s, 1984) Hornik (1984) continued his work on temporal studies in another work in this area brought out the fact that in such, intertemoral choice, decisions concerning buying behaviour entail the consideration of costs and benefits that are spread over time. Utilization of presentation, message delivery and the non-complexity of information are important variables to be attended to as part of the planning of marketing activities. Stakeholder Behaviour With the conditional boundaries being understood as occurring in the sports sector of the events industry, the analysis contains a number of constraints which can be adjusted to work in favor of the sponsor, but which work upon the attendee. The proper event, based upon its demographic and other component factors, represents an opportunity for a particular business or corporation to have a forum to reach segments of their demographic profile on a more personal and controlled basis. The event entails a participatory structure whereby the attendee either elects to make an appearance, or is expected to do so by his peers, or other considerations. As the first option is the overwhelming choice, due to the voluntary nature, said attendees are more than likely to be in an anticipatory mode with the expectation of an enjoyable time. With this as the foundational mood sponsors should be more disposed to buying into the circumstances as a platform to reach attendees, who conversely are likely to be in a more receptive mood to influences as a result of the festive occasion, in general. Chisnall (1994) refers to the foregoing, on the part of the attendee, as the importance of social considerations in consumer behaviour. Palmer (1998) as well as Chisnall (1994) refer to the importance of establishing and building customer loyalty as variables in the buying process. The foregoing applicability with respect to sponsors in event marketing is a factor of the manner in which the event is conducted, organized and the interest factor inherent within the event and sporting connection. The loyalty of the attendee can be enhanced by his perception that the sponsor or advertiser support the activity, thus tend to be viewed positively. Today’s general public is aware of corporate participation and support as a result of p ronouncements in the media, as well as comparison with other activities. This awareness represents the opportunity to establish a foundation of loyalty perception that is beneficial. The importance of the social setting is a further positive aspect which influences and impacts upon buyer behaviour, as well as the group associations (Rice, 1997). The relatively ‘captive’ nature of event marketing has its appeal in reaching a defined number of individuals within a context and setting that is conductive to buying behavior as well as one which the marketer has considerable control, and influence, relative to the other participants. Sherif et al (1961) refer to the preceding as involvement as described below: High involvement products set up the parameters for a positive balance in the relationship between the performance outcome and the expectation level(s) Low Involvement products set up or result in a negative relationship correlation between performance and expectations. The preceding implication is that active participation and a level of balanced and believable performance sets the foundation for trust and thus a positive relationship. There is effort on the part of the sponsor to be there through selling means, thus setting up an important component of buyer recognition, and thus influence. Passive advertising or promotional forms entail magazine or print utilizations and thus are not participatory. The distinction is that a specific occurrence, or event, entails the participation of active as well as passive individuals, with the advantage going to the active participants influencing the passive. The attendees represent the passive element and thus the climate for buyer behavior is enhanced as it brings together both elements under conditions that foster more intense involvement and interaction. Conclusion Buying behaviour is a condition that can either be amplified or left at its relative levels based upon the everyday forces, influences and circumstances of and behavioral group. This includes attendees as well as sponsors. The common glue that binds the aforementioned is the relationship between the two parties. They represent passive and active modes, and these forces are consistently present as a condition of life. We are either being influenced, or influencing. The levels and amount of individuals thus affected, is a determinant of the degree of organization as well as purpose and offering. Thus, underwriting events within the sporting sector represents an optimum opportunity to be associated with a captive audience that is coming together for a festive occasion, be this a baseball, football, soccer or basketball game or other competitive endeavor. Such an occasion represents a situation whereby a sponsor’s interest in such an event is heightened as a result of it providing more buying behavioral factors to be brought to bear. This thus creates buying behavior difference on the part of the attendee. Increased buyer behavioral patterns are also present on the attendee side as a result of the same elemental input factors that influence such an event, as described by (Sheth et al, 1969), Bearden et al (1982), and Chisnal (1994) in their mention of ‘significance, symbolic and social stages†, along with influences of an ‘ informational, utilitarian or value-expressive nature, and the mapping out the ‘characteristics useful in developing marketing strategies’, respectively. Bibliography Bearden, W., Etzel, M. J. 1982. Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions. Vol. 14, Issue 9, p-184, 09/1982. Journal of Consumer Research Chisnall. Peter. 1994. Consumer Behaviour. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York. ISBN: 0077076168 Dubois, B. 2000. Understanding the Consumer: A European Perspective. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, the United States. ISBN: 0136163688 Engle, J.F., Kollat, D.T., Blackwell, R.D. 1968. Consumer Behavior. Holt, Rinehart Winston, New York, New York, United States Hornik, Jacob. 1984. Subjective vs. Objective Time Measures: A Note on the Perception of Time in Consumer Behavior. 06/1984, Vol. 11, pp 615-618. Journal of Consumer Research Hornik, Jacob. 1981. Time Cue and Time Perception Effect on Response to Mail Surveys. 05, 1981, Vol. 18, pp 243-249. Journal of Marketing Research Palmer, Adrian. 1998. Principles of Services Marketing. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, United States. ISBN: 0077097483 Rice, Chris. 1997. Understanding Customers. Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 0750623225 Schiffman, L., Kanuk, L. 2000. Consumer Behavior. Prentice Hall, London, The United Kingdom Sheth, J.N., Howard, J.A.. 1069. The Theory of Buyer Behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, United States Sherif, M., Hovland, C. 1961. Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. United States Wilson, D.F. 2000. Why divide consumer and organizational buyer behaviour?. Vol. 34, Issue 7, pp 780-796. European Journal of Marketing

Dionysus :: essays research papers fc

Dionysus Winter squalls are drained out of the sky. The violet season of flowering spring smiles. The black earth glitters under green lawns. Swelling plants pop open with tiny petals. Meadows laugh and suck the morning dew, while the rose unfolds. The shepherd in the hills happily blows the top notes of his pipe. The gathered gloats over his white kids. Sailors race across the thrashing waves. Their canvas full of the harmless breeze. Drinkers acclaim the grape-giver Dionysus, capping their hair with flowering ivy. (Bernard).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dionysus, in Greek mythology is a god of wine and vegetation, who showed mortals how to cultivate grapevines and make wine. â€Å"He was good and gentle to those who honored him, but he brought madness and destruction upon those who spurned him or the orgiastic rituals of his cult† (Wendell 23)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The yearly rites in honor of the resurrection of Dionysus gradually evolved into the structured form of the Greek drama, and important festivals were held in honor of the god, during which great dramatic competitions were conducted. The most important festival, the Greater Dionysia, was held in Athens for five days each spring. It was for this celebration that the Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote their great tragedies. Also, after the 5th century BC, Dionysus was known to the Greeks as Bacchus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dionysus is the son of Zeus and Semele. He is the only god to have a mortal parent. The birth of Dionysus began when Zeus came to Semele in the night, invisible, felt only as a divine presence. Semele was pleased to be a lover of a god, even though she did not know which one. Word soon got around and Hera quickly assumed who was responsible. Hera went to Semele in disguise and convinced her that she should see her lover as he really was. When Zeus visited her again, she made him promise to grant her one wish. She went so far as to make him swear on the River Syx that he would grant her request. Zeus, was madly in love and agreed. She then asked him to show her his true form. Zeus, was unhappy, and knew what would happen, but having sworn he had no choice. He appeared in his true form and Semel was instantly burn to a crisp by the sight of his glory. Zeus did manage to rescue Dionysus, and stitched him into his thigh to hold him until he was ready to be born.

Journey of Ancient Architecture: St. Peter’s Square

Journey of Ancient Architecture Ancient Roman Piazza Did Pieta Piazza Did Pieta = SST. Pewter's Square Figure 1 :SST. Pewter's Square Top View Basic Information Location: Vatican City Figure 2:Flag of Vatican City Year consecrated: 1626 Architect(s): 1 . Donate Aberrant 2. Antonio dad Seasonal the Younger 3. Michelangelo 4. Capo Borzoi dad Avignon 5. Giaconda Della Porto 6. Carlo Modern 7. Giant Lorenz Bernie Architectural style : Renaissance and Baroque Groundbreaking: 18 April 1506 Completed: 18 November 1626 Figure 3:Map of Vatican City Figure 4:Mussolini's approach to SST PetersFigure 5:Mussolini's approach to SST Peters SST. Pewter's Two rows of houses were demolished by Mussolini in 1936 to build this boulevard from Piazza San Pitter across the Tiber River to the center of Rome. This was said to be Mussolini's symbolic way of honoring the â€Å"conciliation† between the Vatican and the Italian government. Figure 6:SST. Peter Piazza Figure 7:SST. Peter Piazza Every Sunday at noon, people gather to recite the Angelus and receive the Pope's blessing from his window. * built by Bernie between 1657-1667 * SST.Pewter's Square has the shape of an immense ellipse, 320 m. Long and 240 m. Did, at its broadest point. * Once the basilica had been built, it was felt that a space should be created in front of it with a capacity sufficient to contain the mass of people who would flock here to take part in the most solemn functions. * A red porphyry stone mark the spot in the northwest corner of the Square where Pope John Paul II was shot. Figure 8:The Obelisk Figure 9: Lower Part of The Obelisk * It was hewn from a single block and stands 25. 31 m high on a base 8. Mm wide, weighing about 330 tons. * This obelisk was from Egypt and was brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula in 37 AD. It is the second highest obelisk in Rome, after the Lateran one, and the only one devoid of hieroglyphics, but with Latin inscriptions. * The obelisk rests upon four accountant lions, e ach with two bodies whose tails intertwine. * The inscriptions on the north and south sides of the base have texts written by Cardinal Silvia Antonio as a memorial to the moving of the obelisk. The east and west sides have exorcist formulas.Figure 10:The Wind Rose West Opponent I West North West Opponent Maestro I North West Maestro I North North West Dormant Maestro I North Attractant I North North East Dormant Greece I North East Greece I East North East Greece Elevate I East Elevate I East South East Elevate Sirocco I South East Sirocco I South South East Castro Sirocco I South Castro I South South West Castro Liberace I South West Liberace I West South West Opponent Liberace I * The Wind Rose uses the compass points to show the different wind directions.Figure 1 1 fountain * â€Å"Antics† fountain built in 1614 by Carlo Modern on the Saint Pewter's Square. * Located at both side of The Obelisk and all of them are parallel. SST Pewter's Basilica Basilica did San Pitter 145 0 Successive plans Brakeman's plan * The foundation stone was laid in 1506 when the plan was selected. * This plan was in the form of an enormous Greek Cross with a dome inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the Pantheon. The main difference between Brakeman's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall, that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers. * Aberrant was replaced

Theodore Roethke’s poem, “My Papa’s Waltz”

The relationship which is depicted in Theodore Roethke's poem, â€Å"My Papa's Waltz† is that of a father and son. The poem is â€Å"spoken† by a the son who reminisces about the way his drunken father used to dance with him before bed-time while his mother watched nervously. The opening lines of the poem emphasize the father's drinking and the fear which accompanied the dancing for the boy: â€Å"The whiskey on your breath/ Could make a small boy dizzy;/ But I hung on like death:/ Such waltzing was not easy† (Roethke). The words â€Å"dizzy† and â€Å"death† seem to evoke a sinister sense, one which extends into the following stanza: â€Å"We romped until the pans/ Slid from the kitchen shelf; / My mother's countenance/ Could not unfrown itself. † (Roethke). The poem moves very quickly from a sense of nostalgia and familial memory, to an urgent sense of violence and sadness. The reader begins to understand that the words â€Å"waltz† and â€Å"romp† are euphemistic and that any dance which knocks pans off the shelf and makes the mother frown must be — not ordinary dancing. In fact, â€Å"dancing† may itself be a euphemism for child-abuse. The next lines make this violent connotation even more clear: â€Å"The hand that held my wrist/Was battered on one knuckle;/At every step you missed/My right ear scraped a buckle. † (Roethke). At this point the poem begins to reveal its obvious duality: at one level it is a poem about the intimacy of fathers and sons, but at another, perhaps, deeper level, it is a poem about child abuse and about the violence which often exists between fathers and sons. The concluding lines: â€Å"You beat time on my head/With a palm caked hard by dirt,/Then waltzed me off to bed/Still clinging to your shirt. (Roethke) fail to produce any sort of closure regarding the tension of violence between the father and son, nor does the poem seem to shed any sense of forgiveness or understanding on behalf of the narrator who speaks the poem much later in life after time has made him, also, a man. The tone of the poem suggest that euphemism replaces true understanding in bad relationships, in abusive relationships. The poem shows no sense of healing or gained wisdom from abuse, but merely the power to endure by the virtue of memory's capacity to transform the horrible into a ritualistic symbol of the original fear that incited it.

Power of The Few Over The Many Essays - Brave New World, Free Essays

Power of The Few Over The Many Essays - Brave New World, Free Essays Power of The Few Over The Many" The Eleventh Commandment portrayed the state church as being the supreme dictator. It is through the eleventh commandment that the church held it's power and control over the masses. Without the church and it's leaders to guide the masses, their society would have collapsed. However, compared to Brave New World, the whole society is conditioned to "work for everyone else"(Huxley 67) by the abuse and daily consumption of soma. Without the drug called soma, their society would have also collapsed due to withdrawal symptoms. The underlying reality between the two societies is that the masses are manipulated, controlled, and brainwashed, without resistance, to obey and follow their leaders through various methods of enforcement. The Brave New World is controlled by a select few who call themselves Resident Controllers and Directors. These elite few are able to control the production and selection process of societies masses. Mustapha Mond, Resident Controller for Western Europe, and the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning, oversee the conditioning of embryos. Their powers and control over these particular jurisdictions gave them great power, and with that the ability to manipulate others. "'You ass'... said the Director,... 'Hasn't it occurred to you that an Epsilon embryo must have an Epsilon environment as well as an Epsilon heredity'"(Huxley 23). Through a hierarchy of Alaphas and Betas down to the lower cast Epsilon, everyone was suited for their job. The Director however, through his position of authority, was able to "... condition the masses to hate the country,"(Huxley 30). In doing so, the Director succeeds in creating an obedient society, which obeys and bows to every whim of his commands. The Resident Controller and Director were two authoritative figures that were able to control whomever and whatever each person worked at, even before they were conceived. Each cast had pre-conceived morals preached to them through conditioning, and to this end effectively brainwashed to the point of utter obedience. The outcome of this brainwashing by conditioning sets forth a society that exists in two tiers, the guardians and the domesticated animals. [who? why?->BNW] [who? why?->11th C] The church and it's head archbishops are able to control and manipulate the masses in North America by preaching the eleventh commandment through strict laws and enforcement practices. The eleventh commandment ordained that every man and women must be fruitful and multiply. Because of this commandment and of the militant ruling religionist enforcement, North America alone had four billion people, and yet the church continued to preach the eleventh commandment and it's practices. The competition between continents was the driving force behind the eleventh commandment. If it was not the competitiveness between ruling church states, the eleventh commandment would have been abolished. Through dictatorial control the repercussions of not being fruitful and multiplying, or of using contraceptive devices were most severe for any man or women, and quite often lead to punishment and extermination. Coupled to the acts of punishment, often drugs and other brainwashing techniques were used on those who did not obey the eleventh commandment. Through control and brainwashing of the masses the church was able to manipulate their society to the point of total utter starvation. [How? BNW] Manipulation and enforcement to the masses in the Brave New World was very easy for those who were in control. The techniques used by those in power were varied between the usage of subconscious persuasion, hypnopaedia, brainwashing, and chemical persuasion. Pavlovian conditioning was used on young children through constant manipulation and repetitive hypnopaedia. The use of chemical persuasion however could be seen to be more influent on the daily lives of the differentiating casts. It was part violence and part psychological manipulation for the people who lived in the Brave New World. For those individuals who did not conform to the standards set forth by their leaders, they were exiled to an island where they were left alone for the rest of their lives. [How? 11th C] While chemical persuasion was prevalent in the Brave New World, the accessibility and usage of drugs, especially contraceptive drugs, was strictly forbidden by the church. While the church enforced their commandments through a strict military totalitarian enforcement agency, people continued to seek contraceptive drugs. While some people were killed for their digressions against the church, most people were brainwashed to conform to the church commandments. "...it left a blankness where there normally must have been thousands of mostly unnoticed messages coursing to his brain. This was brainwashing!"(Lester 168). While most people did conform to the church's commandments, there were still however a select few who resisted the church and sought to move away from the 'arms